Discuss: Efferent Cerebellar Pathways

Discuss: Efferent Cerebellar Pathways

Question 14

The geriatrician providing care for a 74-year-old man with diagnosis of Parkinson disease has recently changed the client’s medication regimen. What is the most likely focus of the pharmacologic treatment of the man’s health problem?

Answers:

A. Preventing demyelination of the efferent cerebellar pathways

B. Preventing axonal degradation of motor neurons

C. Maximizing acetylcholine release from synaptic vesicles at neuromuscular junctions

D. Increasing the functional ability of the underactive dopaminergic system

Question 15

A student makes the statement to a colleague, “Blood plasma is essentially just a carrier for the formed elements like red blood cells and white blood cells.”What would be the most accurate response to this statement?

Answers:

A. “Not really. Plasma also contributes to the processes of protein synthesis and hematopoiesis.”

B. “Actually, plasma plays a significant role in nutrient and waste transport.”

C. “Actually, plasma is integral to the proper function of the liver and maintenance of acid–base balance.”

D. “That’s not really true. Plasma is crucial in the immune and inflammatory responses.”

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Question 16

Several months ago, a 20-year-old male suffered a spinal cord injury brought about by a snowboard trick gone wrong. The lasting effects of his injury include a flaccid bowel and bladder and the inability to obtain an erection. While sensation has been completely preserved in his legs and feet, his motor function is significantly impaired. What type of incomplete spinal cord injury has the man most likely experienced?

Answers:

A. Central cord syndrome

B. Conus medullaris syndrome

C. Brown-Séquard syndrome

D. Anterior cord syndrome

Question 17

A client with a gastrointestinal bleed secondary to alcohol abuse and a hemoglobin level of 5.8 g/dL has been ordered a transfusion of packed red blood cells. The client possesses type B antibodies but lacks type D antigens on his red cells. Transfusion of which of the following blood types would be least likely to produce a transfusion reaction?

Answers:

A. A–

B. A

C. B–

D. B

Question 18

Which of the following clients’ signs and symptoms would allow a clinician to be most justified in ruling out stroke as a cause? An adult

Answers:

A. has vomited and complained of a severe headache.

B. states that his left arm and leg are numb, and gait is consequently unsteady.

C. has experienced a sudden loss of balance and slurred speech.

D. has had a gradual onset of weakness, headache, and visual disturbances over the last 2 days.

Question 19

Amniocentesis has suggested that a couple’s first child will be born with sickle cell disease. The parents are unfamiliar with the health problem, and their caregiver is explaining the complexities. Which of the following statements by the parents would suggest a need for further teaching or clarification?

Answers:

A. “Our baby’s red cells are prone to early destruction because of his or her weak membranes.”

B. “Our son or daughter likely won’t show the effects of sickling until he or she is school-aged because of the different hemoglobin in babies.”

C. “Not all of his or her red cells will be sickled, but low oxygen levels can cause them to become so.”

D. “Sickled cells can block his or her blood vessels, especially in the abdomen, chest, and bones.”