Assignment: classifying nonexperimental research

Want create site? With you can do it easy.

Assignment: classifying nonexperimental research

Assignment: classifying nonexperimental research

Permalink: 

Struggling to find relevant content or pressed for time? – Don’t worry, we have a team of professionals to help you on
Assignment: classifying nonexperimental research
Get a 15% Discount on this Paper
Order Now

ASSIGNMENT: CLASSIFYING NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

Phrasing Questions

In the first case demonstrated in Figure 4.1, you would be comparing groups with different levels of education on some measure (salary), and in the second case, you would be relating two sets of numeric scores (years and salary). The research questions of interest in the two cases would be: (1) how do groups, based on highest degree earned, differ from each other with respect to salary? and (2) how does number of years of schooling relate to salary? Phrased generically, the key questions in the two situations are: How do groups differ from each other on some measure? How are the variables related to each other? The distinction between these two cases depends only on the fact that education was conceptualized as either categorical or quantitative and not on the nature of the relationship involved.

REFLECTION QUESTIONS

By now, you should be able to:

1. Describe the difference between experimental and nonexperimental studies

2. Give an example of an independent and a dependent variable within the context of a research question

3. Give an example of a categorical and a measured, quantitative variable

CLASSIFYING NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

In the literature on experimental studies, there is agreement on the distinction between true- and quasi-experiments. Although both involve treatment manipulation, trueexperiments use random assignment of subjects to groups and random assignment of groups to treatments. Quasi-experiments use preexisting intact groups, which are randomly assigned to treatment conditions.

For nonexperimental designs, there appears to be no consistent agreement on typology. In 1991, Elazar Pedhazur and Liora Schmelkin stated that “there is no consensus regarding the term used to refer to designs” which were presented in their chapter on nonexperimental designs (p. 305). Two commonly used terms for nonexperimental studies are “correlational research” and “survey research.” However, the term correlation relates more to an analysis strategy than to a research design and the term survey describes a method of gathering data that can be used in different types of research.

Ten years later, Burke Johnson (2001) came to the same conclusion. Based on a review of twenty-three leading methods textbooks in education and related fields (thirteen explicitly from education and the rest from anthropology, psychology, political science, and sociology), he found little consistency in how nonexperimental studies were classified. He discovered over two dozen different labels being used, sometimes

Lapan c04.tex V1 – 09/02/2008 2:46pm Page 59

Lapan c04.tex V1 – 09/02/2008 2:46pm Page 60

Nonexperimental Quantitative Research

Lapan c04.tex V1 – 09/02/2008 2:46pm Page 59

65

with slight variations in the wording. The most frequently used labels in these texts were survey (twelve times), correlational (ten times), descriptive (eight times), and causal-comparative (five times). The result of my informal review of six additional research methods texts was consistent with Johnson’s findings.

In an attempt to remedy this confusion, Johnson (2001) proposed a categorization scheme consisting of two basic dimensions, each with three categories. The first dimension represents a characterization of the basic goal or main purpose for conducting the nonexperimental quantitative study. The second dimension allows the research to be classified according to the time frame in which data were collected. These two dimensions will be presented here and discussed separately in the next two sections. In your reading of published articles or research methods textbooks, you will probably encounter other terms for nonexperimental research. You may want to read Johnson (2001) to familiarize yourself with these terms and with the problems that arise because of their use.

Did you find apk for android? You can find new and apps.

Calculate the price
Make an order in advance and get the best price
Pages (550 words)
$0.00
*Price with a welcome 15% discount applied.
Pro tip: If you want to save more money and pay the lowest price, you need to set a more extended deadline.
We know how difficult it is to be a student these days. That's why our prices are one of the most affordable on the market, and there are no hidden fees.

Instead, we offer bonuses, discounts, and free services to make your experience outstanding.
Sign up, place your order, and leave the rest to our professional paper writers in less than 2 minutes.
step 1
Upload assignment instructions
Fill out the order form and provide paper details. You can even attach screenshots or add additional instructions later. If something is not clear or missing, the writer will contact you for clarification.
s
Get personalized services with MyCoursebay
One writer for all your papers
You can select one writer for all your papers. This option enhances the consistency in the quality of your assignments. Select your preferred writer from the list of writers who have handledf your previous assignments
Same paper from different writers
Are you ordering the same assignment for a friend? You can get the same paper from different writers. The goal is to produce 100% unique and original papers
Copy of sources used
Our homework writers will provide you with copies of sources used on your request. Just add the option when plaing your order
What our partners say about us
We appreciate every review and are always looking for ways to grow. See what other students think about our do my paper service.
Criminal Justice
Excellent Work!!!
Customer 452587, March 10th, 2022
Human Resources Management (HRM)
Thanks very much.
Customer 452701, July 26th, 2023
Criminal Justice
Thank you for the great paper. I like how the writer structured it.
Customer 452627, October 2nd, 2021
Nursing
Great paper!
Customer 452707, January 14th, 2024
Other
GOOD
Customer 452813, July 5th, 2022
Nursing
Thank you to the writer and also thank you to the support team I got an A for the paper
Customer 452635, June 17th, 2022
IT, Web
Paper was great and accomplished everything I needed.
Customer 452885, October 27th, 2022
Human Resources Management (HRM)
Thank you so much. Well written paper.
Customer 452701, September 25th, 2023
Strategic Management
Thanks for the help, really appreciate it
Customer 452821, September 8th, 2022
Other
Great Work!
Customer 452587, March 10th, 2022
Nursing
Perfectly done!
Customer 452707, July 18th, 2022
IT, Web
Excellent work!!!
Customer 452885, February 7th, 2023
OUR GIFT TO YOU
15% OFF your first order
Use a coupon FIRST15 and enjoy expert help with any task at the most affordable price.
Claim my 15% OFF Order in Chat

Good News ! We now help with PROCTORED EXAM. Chat with a support agent for more information

NEW

Thank you for choosing MyCoursebay. Your presence is a motivation to us. All papers are written from scratch. Plagiarism is not tolerated. Order now for a 15% discount

Order Now