Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood. Please select a culture and explain its sleeping arrangements with the infants. Explain the advantages and disadvantages to its sleeping arrangements. You may use any source.
the paper needs to be at least 2 pages long.
Birth and the Postpartum Period The long wait for the moment of birth is over, and the infant is about to appear. What happens during childbirth, and what can be done to make the experience a positive one?
Nature writes the basic script for how birth occurs, but parents make important choices about the conditions surrounding birth. We look first at the sequence of physical steps through which a child is born.
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The Birth Process The birth process occurs in three stages. It may take place in different contexts and in most cases involves one or more attendants.
After the long journey of prenatal development, birth takes place. During birth the baby is on a
threshold between two worlds. What are the characteristics of the three stages of birth?© Jonathan Nourok/Getty Images
Stages of Birth The first stage of the birth process is the longest. Uterine contractions are 15 to 20 minutes apart at the beginning and last up to a minute each. These contractions cause the woman’s cervix to stretch and open. As the first stage progresses, the contractions come closer together, occurring every two to five minutes. Their intensity increases. By the end of the first stage, contractions dilate the cervix to an opening of about 10 centimeters (4 inches) so that the baby can move from the uterus to the birth canal. For a woman having her first child, the first stage lasts an average of 6 to 12 hours; for subsequent children, this stage typically is much shorter. The second birth stage begins when the baby’s head starts to move through the cervix and the birth canal. It terminates when the baby completely emerges from the mother’s body. With each contraction, the mother bears down hard to push the baby out of her body. By the time the baby’s head is out of the mother’s body, the contractions come almost every minute and last for about a minute. This stage typically lasts approximately 45 minutes to an hour. Afterbirth is the third stage, during which the placenta, umbilical cord, and other membranes are detached and expelled. This final stage is the shortest of the three birth stages, lasting only minutes.
