Benchmark – Effective Approaches in Leadership and Management

Benchmark-Effective Approaches in Leadership and Management
One of the workplace issues that has been there for a long time and has refused to go is workplace bullying. With various initiatives used over the years to contain the situation, one would imagine or guess that workplace bullying would diminish or be eliminated. However, in nursing, data shows that it has been on the rise. In one of the reports, some nurses opined that their workplace is comparable to a battlefield and that the environment is a professional turmoil. To make matters worse, the harmful effects of the problem have not received the attention it deserves, and therefore it is troubling (Karatuna et al., 2020). Workplace bullying is one of the aggressive acts usually taking the form of enduring and repetitive actions towards an individual or group of individuals by another person or group of people having power over their target. Some of the known forms of workplace bullying include threats, information retention, and sometimes rumor spreading. The perpetrator can be subordinate, colleague, or superior of the victim.
Workplace bullying in clinical settings can have adverse effects on both the affected individuals and the patients under the nurses’ care. Bullying has been connected to mental health impairment and physical health impairment. Besides, bullying can also lead to work-related issues such as diminished job satisfaction, lower job commitment, higher chances, and enhanced intention to lead. It is vital to note that the negative impacts of bullying on the nurses, in turn, have adverse effects on patient care as nurse poor performances may lead to other things like medical and medication errors.
Professional Standards of Practice and Bullying.
The substantial effects of bullying in clinical settings have promoted various nursing professional bodies to draft standards that can help in dealing with the issue. Besides, there are various local, State, and Federal standards of professional behavior that guide nurses on, among other things, workplace bullying and violence. One of such nursing professional bodies is the American nurse Association (ANA). ANA has various statements on workplace bullying, violence, and incivility. ANA affirms that nurses should strive to create an ethical culture and environment of kindness and civility and treat employees, co-workers, colleagues, and others with respect and dignity (Kim et al., 2019). On the other hand, nurses need to afford a similar level of dignity and respect. Such standards of practice can effectively be used to help in reducing workplace bullying in a clinical setting. Nurses should always be reminded of the professional standards of practices of showing respect to one another, and if followed, then bullying can be reduced and eliminated.
Role of Nursing Leaders and Nursing Managers in Controlling Bullying
Apart from professional bodies, local, State, and Federal regulations and efforts in controlling bullying in clinical settings, nursing leaders and nursing managers are expected to play roles and are playing various roles in the fight against bullying. One of the roles of nursing leaders and nursing managers is to confront the individual perpetrating bullying and discuss with him/her why he/she is doing such and if he/she knows that it is against the standards of nursing practice (Blackwood et al., 2017). The other method is supporting the bullying target through coaching and counseling. Such an action will help the victim to better deal with bullying better and cope with it in case it occurs again.
Benchmark-Effective Approaches in Leadership and Management
In coaching, the nurse managers encourage the bullying target to actively get involved in efforts that can help resolve bullying. Nursing leaders and nurse managers can also act as mediators and provide mediation conversations between the conflicting parties. Mediation can effectively help the perpetrator to realize his/her mistake, stop it and reconcile with the victim (Blackwood et al., 2017). Nurse leaders and managers try to solve the bullying cases with their minds focused on helping the target regain trust in the system and be productive in their work hence ensuring patient safety. Some leadership theories can also explain the type of nurse leader who is likely to control better and manage workplace bullying. For example, in cases of transformational leaders, there are low levels and chances of harassment and bullying because they offer greater power, independence, and autonomy in the people that they lead.
Additional Aspects that Leaders and Managers Should Initiate
Even though nurse leaders have used various interventions to try and control workplace bullying in healthcare settings, there are various additional aspects that the leaders can initiate to help in better management of bullying. One of the methods is mandatory training. In mandatory training, the leaders and managers can set up a quarterly or yearly training session that every employee must attend (Fink-Samnick, 2015). In training, various topics on workplace bullying and repercussions should be covered. Another method is to improve the internal incident recording. Documenting various incidences of bullying can be invaluable when resolving later cases as it is possible to know whether a bully is repeating the mistake again, and therefore sterner measures can be taken in such instances. Provision of appropriate equipment such as attack alarms can also help in controlling bullying as potential perpetrators can easily be deterred from the action by knowing that their actions will not go unnoticed (Fink-Samnick, 2015). The nurse leaders and managers should also create additional codes of conduct to define what appropriate and acceptable behaviors are and what inappropriate and disruptive behaviors such as bullying entail, and the potential consequences of going against such codes of conduct.
Leadership Style That Can Help Deal with Bullying
From the leadership theories and qualities of various leaders as discussed by the theories, it is possible to identify the kind of leadership style that can best deal with bullying in clinical settings. Indeed, managers and leaders can permit, stop, engage in or prevent bullying based on the kind of behaviors that they hold back or show. So, they can only shape the progress of bullying in a workplace in various ways, just as their style of leadership impacts the bullying behavior. As indicated earlier, various research efforts have shown that transformational leadership positively impacts the well-being of employees (Woodrow & guest, 2017). Besides, the leadership style has been associated with reduced cases and chances of workplace bullying since the leaders themselves act as role models of positive working environment behaviors. Transformational leaders are in contrast with the influence of the Laissez-faire leadership style that has been shown to create health problems, burnout, and diminished job satisfaction. More importantly, the leadership style is connected to higher complaints of workplace bullying exposure. In the healthcare setting, a transformational leader can be hugely successful in managing bullying since a transformational leader is supportive and appreciate the employees. He/she would offer the necessary tools for copying the ever-demanding work stressors.
Conclusion
The management and dealing with workplace bullying in settings such as healthcare should be given priority as bullying has been associated with poor work performance by the nurses hence poor patient care. Nurse leaders and managers have a vital role to play in dealing with workplace bullying. So they need to be supportive and attentive so that they can calmly and soberly moderate demanding and complex situations that can easily escalate into workplace bullying and tension.
References
Blackwood, K., Bentley, T., Catley, B., & Edwards, M. (2017). Managing workplace bullying experiences in nursing: the impact of the work environment. Public Money & Management, 37(5), 349-356. Doi: 10.1080/09540962.2017.1328205.
Fink-Samnick, E. (2015). The new age of bullying and violence in health care: the interprofessional impact. Professional case management, 20(4), 165-174. Doi: 10.1097/NCM.0000000000000099
Karatuna, I., Jonsson, S., & Muhonen, T. (2020). Workplace bullying in the nursing profession: a cross-cultural scoping review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 103628. Doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103628.
Kim, Y., Lee, E., & Lee, H. (2019). Association between workplace bullying and burnout, professional quality of life, and turnover intention among clinical nurses. PLoS one, 14(12), e0226506. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226506.
Woodrow, C., & Guest, D. E. (2017). Leadership and approaches to the management of workplace bullying. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 26(2), 221-233. Doi: 10.1080/1359432X.2016.1243529
Assessment Description
In this assignment, you will be writing a 1,000-1,250 word paper describing the differing approaches of nursing leaders and managers to issues in practice. To complete this assignment, do the following:
Select an issue from the following list: bullying, unit closers and restructuring, floating, nurse turnover, nurse staffing ratios, use of contract employees (i.e., registry and travel nurses), or magnet designation.
Describe the selected issue. Discuss how it impacts quality of care and patient safety in the setting in which it occurs.
Discuss how professional standards of practice should be demonstrated in this situation to help rectify the issue or maintain professional conduct.
Explain the differing roles of nursing leaders and nursing managers in this instance and discuss the different approaches they take to address the selected issue and promote patient safety and quality care. Support your rationale by using the theories, principles, skills, and roles of the leader versus manager described in your readings.
Discuss what additional aspects managers and leaders would need to initiate in order to ensure professionalism throughout diverse health care settings while addressing the selected issue.
Describe a leadership style that would best address the chosen issue. Explain why this style could be successful in this setting.
Use at least three peer-reviewed journal articles other than those presented in your text or provided in the course.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.
This benchmark assignment assesses the following programmatic competencies:
RN to BSN
1.1: Exemplify professionalism in diverse health care settings.
1.3: Exercise professional nursing leadership and management roles in the promotion of patient safety and quality care.
3.4: Demonstrate professional standards of practice.
Benchmark – Effective Approaches in Leadership and Management – Rubric
Collapse All Benchmark – Effective Approaches In Leadership And Management – RubricCollapse All
Selected Issue, Setting, and Impact on Patient Safety
22.5 points
Criteria Description
Selected Issue, Setting, and Impact on Patient Safety
5. Excellent
22.5 points
A clear description of the issue is presented. How the issue impacts quality of care and patient safety is detailed and accurate.
4. Good
20.03 points
A description of the issue is presented. How the issue impacts quality of care and patient safety is presented. Some detail is needed for clarity or accuracy.
3. Satisfactory
17.78 points
A general description of the issue is presented. A summary of how it impacts quality of care and patient safety is presented; more information is needed. There are some inaccuracies.
2. Less Than Satisfactory
16.88 points
A partial summary of the issue is presented. How it impacts quality of care and patient safety is unclear. There are omissions of key information.
1. Unsatisfactory
0 points
The issue described does not meet the assignment criteria. The description of the issue and its impact to quality of care and patient safety is omitted.
Professional Standards of Practice to Rectify Issue or Maintain Professional Conduct (B)
22.5 points
Criteria Description
Professional Standards of Practice to Rectify Issue or Maintain Professional Conduct (D3.4)
5. Excellent
22.5 points
A through discussion of how professional standards of practice should be demonstrated in this situation to help rectify the issue or maintain professional conduct is presented. An understanding of the importance of professional standards of practice in resolving issues and maintaining professional conduct is demonstrated. Strong rationale supports discussion.
4. Good
20.03 points
A discussion of how professional standards of practice should be demonstrated in this situation to help rectify the issue or maintain professional conduct is presented. Minor detail is needed for clarity or accuracy. Rationale provides adequate support.
3. Satisfactory
17.78 points
A general discussion of how professional standards of practice should be demonstrated in this situation to help rectify the issue or maintain professional conduct is presented. There are some gaps in the discussion; some information is needed. There are minor inaccuracies. Rationale is needed for support.
2. Less Than Satisfactory
16.88 points
A summary of how professional standards of practice should be demonstrated in this situation to help rectify the issue or maintain professional conduct is presented. The summary is incomplete. More information is needed. There are significant inaccuracies.
1. Unsatisfactory
0 points
How professional standards of practice should be demonstrated in this situation to help rectify the issue or maintain professional conduct is not discussed.
Differing Roles and Approaches of Nursing Leaders and Nursing Managers (B)
22.5 points
Criteria Description
Differing Roles and Approaches of Nursing Leaders and Nursing Managers (C1.3)
5. Excellent
22.5 points
A detailed explanation of the differing roles and approaches for nursing leaders and nursing managers is presented. A well-developed explanation of how the roles and approaches relate to the selected issue, and how they would promote patient safety and quality care, is provided. Rationale using theories, principles, skills, and nursing manager or nursing leader roles is used. The explanation demonstrates insight into exercising the roles of professional nursing leadership and management in the promotion of patient safety and quality care.
4. Good
20.03 points
An explanation of the differing roles and approaches for nursing leaders and nursing managers is presented. An explanation of how the roles and approaches relate to the selected issue, and how they would promote patient safety and quality care, is provided. Rationale using theories, principles, skills, and nursing manager or nursing leader roles is used. Some detail is needed for accuracy or clarity. More rationale is needed in some areas. The explanation demonstrates a general understanding of the of nursing leadership and management roles in the promotion of patient safety and quality care.
3. Satisfactory
17.78 points
A general explanation of the differing roles and approaches for nursing leaders and nursing managers is presented. A general summary of how the roles and approaches relate to the selected issue, and how they would promote patient safety and quality care, is provided. Some rationale using theories, principles, skills, and nursing manager or nursing leader roles is used.
2. Less Than Satisfactory
16.88 points
A partial explanation of the differing roles and approaches for nursing leaders and nursing managers is presented. It is unclear how the roles and approaches relate to the selected issue, or how they would promote patient safety and quality care. Rationale using theories, principles, skills, and nursing manager or nursing leader roles is not used.
1. Unsatisfactory
0 points
Explanation of the differing roles and approaches for nursing leaders and nursing managers is omitted.
Ensuring Professionalism Through Diverse Health Care Settings (B)
30 points
Criteria Description
Ensuring Professionalism Through Diverse Health Care Settings (C1.1)
5. Excellent
30 points
A detailed discussion on what additional aspects managers and leaders would need to initiate to ensure professionalism throughout diverse health care settings while addressing the selected issue is presented. The aspects presented clearly continue to address the selected issue and relate to a diverse health care setting. The items proposed in the discussion support the exemplification of professionalism in diverse health care settings.
4. Good
26.7 points
A discussion on what additional aspects managers and leaders would need to initiate to ensure professionalism throughout diverse health care settings while addressing the selected issue is presented. Overall, the aspects presented address the selected issue and relate to a diverse health care setting. The items proposed in the discussion generally support professionalism in diverse health care settings.
3. Satisfactory
23.7 points
A general discussion on what additional aspects managers and leaders would need to initiate to ensure professionalism throughout diverse health care settings while addressing the selected issue is presented. It is unclear how some of the aspects continue to address the selected issue, or the aspects do not appear to relate to a diverse health care setting.
2. Less Than Satisfactory
22.5 points
A partial summary on what additional aspects managers and leaders would need to initiate to ensure professionalism throughout diverse health care settings while addressing the selected issue is presented. The summary contains significant omissions. There are inaccuracies.
1. Unsatisfactory
0 points
Discussion on what additional aspects managers and leaders would need to initiate to ensure professionalism throughout diverse health care settings while addressing the selected issue is omitted. The discussion fails to meet the assignment criteria.
Leadership Style to Address Issue
22.5 points
Criteria Description
Leadership Style to Address Issue
5. Excellent
22.5 points
The characteristics of the identified leadership style are clearly described. A detailed explanation of why this style could be successful in this setting is presented. Strong rationale is provided for support.
4. Good
20.03 points
The characteristics of the identified leadership style are described. An explanation of why this style could be successful in this setting is presented. Some rationale is needed for support.
3. Satisfactory
17.78 points
The characteristics of the identified leadership style are described. A general explanation of why this style could be successful in this setting is presented. There are some gaps in the explanation. More information or rationale is needed.
2. Less Than Satisfactory
16.88 points
A leadership style to address the chosen issue is partially summarized. The characteristics of the leadership style are vaguely presented. It is unclear why this style could be successful in this setting.
1. Unsatisfactory
0 points
A leadership style to address the chosen issue is omitted. The proposed item is not a leadership style.
Thesis Development and Purpose
7.5 points
Criteria Description
Thesis Development and Purpose
5. Excellent
7.5 points
Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.
4. Good
6.68 points
Thesis is clear and forecasts the development of the paper. Thesis is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose.
3. Satisfactory
5.93 points
Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose.
2. Less Than Satisfactory
5.63 points
Thesis is insufficiently developed or vague. Purpose is not clear.
1. Unsatisfactory
0 points
Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim.
Argument Logic and Construction
7.5 points
Criteria Description
Argument Logic and Construction
5. Excellent
7.5 points
Clear and convincing argument presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.
4. Good
6.68 points
Argument shows logical progression. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative.
3. Satisfactory
5.93 points
Argument is orderly but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis.
2. Less Than Satisfactory
5.63 points
Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility.
1. Unsatisfactory
0 points
Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources.
Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)
7.5 points
Criteria Description
Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)
5. Excellent
7.5 points
Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.
4. Good
6.68 points
Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. The writer uses a variety of effective sentence structures and figures of speech.
3. Satisfactory
5.93 points
Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct and varied sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are employed.
2. Less Than Satisfactory
5.63 points
Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register) or word choice are present. Sentence structure is correct but not varied.
1. Unsatisfactory
0 points
Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used.
Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)
3 points
Criteria Description
Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)
5. Excellent
3 points
All format elements are correct.
4. Good
2.67 points
Appropriate template is fully used. There are virtually no errors in formatting style.
3. Satisfactory
2.37 points
Appropriate template is used. Formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present.
2. Less Than Satisfactory
2.25 points
Appropriate template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken. A lack of control with formatting is apparent.
1. Unsatisfactory
0 points
Template is not used appropriately, or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.
Documentation of Sources
4.5 points
Criteria Description
Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style)
5. Excellent
4.5 points
Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.
4. Good
4.01 points
Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct.
3. Satisfactory
3.56 points
Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present.
2. Less Than Satisfactory
3.38 points
Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors.
1. Unsatisfactory
0 points
Sources are not documented.
Total 150 points
Benchmark – Effective Approaches in Leadership and Management – Rubric
Rubric Criteria
Total 150 points
Criterion
1. Unsatisfactory
2. Less Than Satisfactory
3. Satisfactory
4. Good
5. Excellent
Professional Standards of Practice to Rectify Issue or Maintain Professional Conduct (B)
Professional Standards of Practice to Rectify Issue or Maintain Professional Conduct (D3.4)
0 points
How professional standards of practice should be demonstrated in this situation to help rectify the issue or maintain professional conduct is not discussed.
16.88 points
A summary of how professional standards of practice should be demonstrated in this situation to help rectify the issue or maintain professional conduct is presented. The summary is incomplete. More information is needed. There are significant inaccuracies.
17.78 points
A general discussion of how professional standards of practice should be demonstrated in this situation to help rectify the issue or maintain professional conduct is presented. There are some gaps in the discussion; some information is needed. There are minor inaccuracies. Rationale is needed for support.
20.03 points
A discussion of how professional standards of practice should be demonstrated in this situation to help rectify the issue or maintain professional conduct is presented. Minor detail is needed for clarity or accuracy. Rationale provides adequate support.
22.5 points
A through discussion of how professional standards of practice should be demonstrated in this situation to help rectify the issue or maintain professional conduct is presented. An understanding of the importance of professional standards of practice in resolving issues and maintaining professional conduct is demonstrated. Strong rationale supports discussion.
Ensuring Professionalism Through Diverse Health Care Settings (B)
Ensuring Professionalism Through Diverse Health Care Settings (C1.1)
0 points
Discussion on what additional aspects managers and leaders would need to initiate to ensure professionalism throughout diverse health care settings while addressing the selected issue is omitted. The discussion fails to meet the assignment criteria.
22.5 points
A partial summary on what additional aspects managers and leaders would need to initiate to ensure professionalism throughout diverse health care settings while addressing the selected issue is presented. The summary contains significant omissions. There are inaccuracies.
23.7 points
A general discussion on what additional aspects managers and leaders would need to initiate to ensure professionalism throughout diverse health care settings while addressing the selected issue is presented. It is unclear how some of the aspects continue to address the selected issue, or the aspects do not appear to relate to a diverse health care setting.
26.7 points
A discussion on what additional aspects managers and leaders would need to initiate to ensure professionalism throughout diverse health care settings while addressing the selected issue is presented. Overall, the aspects presented address the selected issue and relate to a diverse health care setting. The items proposed in the discussion generally support professionalism in diverse health care settings.
30 points
A detailed discussion on what additional aspects managers and leaders would need to initiate to ensure professionalism throughout diverse health care settings while addressing the selected issue is presented. The aspects presented clearly continue to address the selected issue and relate to a diverse health care setting. The items proposed in the discussion support the exemplification of professionalism in diverse health care settings.
Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)
Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)
0 points
Template is not used appropriately, or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.
2.25 points
Appropriate template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken. A lack of control with formatting is apparent.
2.37 points
Appropriate template is used. Formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present.
2.67 points
Appropriate template is fully used. There are virtually no errors in formatting style.
3 points
All format elements are correct.
Argument Logic and Construction
Argument Logic and Construction
0 points
Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources.
5.63 points
Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility.
5.93 points
Argument is orderly but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis.
6.68 points
Argument shows logical progression. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative.
7.5 points
Clear and convincing argument presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.
Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)
Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)
0 points
Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used.
5.63 points
Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register) or word choice are present. Sentence structure is correct but not varied.
5.93 points
Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct and varied sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are employed.
6.68 points
Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. The writer uses a variety of effective sentence structures and figures of speech.
7.5 points
Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.
Leadership Style to Address Issue
Leadership Style to Address Issue
0 points
A leadership style to address the chosen issue is omitted. The proposed item is not a leadership style.
16.88 points
A leadership style to address the chosen issue is partially summarized. The characteristics of the leadership style are vaguely presented. It is unclear why this style could be successful in this setting.
17.78 points
The characteristics of the identified leadership style are described. A general explanation of why this style could be successful in this setting is presented. There are some gaps in the explanation. More information or rationale is needed.
20.03 points
The characteristics of the identified leadership style are described. An explanation of why this style could be successful in this setting is presented. Some rationale is needed for support.
22.5 points
The characteristics of the identified leadership style are clearly described. A detailed explanation of why this style could be successful in this setting is presented. Strong rationale is provided for support.
Selected Issue, Setting, and Impact on Patient Safety
Selected Issue, Setting, and Impact on Patient Safety
0 points
The issue described does not meet the assignment criteria. The description of the issue and its impact to quality of care and patient safety is omitted.
16.88 points
A partial summary of the issue is presented. How it impacts quality of care and patient safety is unclear. There are omissions of key information.
17.78 points
A general description of the issue is presented. A summary of how it impacts quality of care and patient safety is presented; more information is needed. There are some inaccuracies.
20.03 points
A description of the issue is presented. How the issue impacts quality of care and patient safety is presented. Some detail is needed for clarity or accuracy.
22.5 points
A clear description of the issue is presented. How the issue impacts quality of care and patient safety is detailed and accurate.
Differing Roles and Approaches of Nursing Leaders and Nursing Managers (B)
Differing Roles and Approaches of Nursing Leaders and Nursing Managers (C1.3)
0 points
Explanation of the differing roles and approaches for nursing leaders and nursing managers is omitted.
16.88 points
A partial explanation of the differing roles and approaches for nursing leaders and nursing managers is presented. It is unclear how the roles