Biology

Lab questionsOrganization of the nervous tissueWhat are the similar roots of the common fibular and tibial nerves?Gross anatomy of the central nervous systemWhat is the function of the reticular formation? Where is it located?What are the basic differences between the left and the right hemispheres of the cerebrum?What is the corpus callosum? Where would it be located on your model if you created it? Why is the corpus callosum important?What would happen to an individual who suffered damage to the occipital lobe of the brain?What is the location of the olfactory cranial nerve? How does this aid with its function?What is the difference between the dorsal and ventral roots of the spinal nerves?Where are the choroid plexuses found, and what is their function?Describe the folding of the cerebrum in a sheep brain compared to a human brain. Why are the folds important?The cerebellum of the human is divided into two portions, while the sheep only has one portion of the cerebellum. Why is there a difference?How is the brain stem different in the sheep brain than in the human brain?Reflex and sensory physiologyDescribe how scent and taste work in conjunction. Are the tastes of all of the foods that were tested heightened by the sense of smell, or only some of the foods?Were certain areas of your tongue more sensitive to tastes than others? Describe your answer using your observations.What does it mean if you can hear the tuning fork more clearly in one ear or another during the Weber test?How is the mechanism of hearing different if the handle of the tuning fork is held on the mastoid process instead of holding the tuning fork tines near the ear canal?What types of mechanisms does the body use for balance? How does vision affect balance?Imagine that you were standing on a moving platform when performing the balance test. How would this affect balance and why?The “blind spot” is more like a “blind sphere.” Is the depth (distance from where the circle disappeared to where it reappeared in this exercise) approximately the same for each eye? What does this indicate?Explain why a blind spot is not normally perceived. What is an afterimage? Why does it occur?What causes the patellar reflex?Why is the patellar stretch reflex beneficial?Describe the nerve signal transmission from the stimulus to the response.What, if any changes, occurred when the volunteer was reading while the reflex was tested? Explain your results. What is refraction? Which portions of the eye primarily refract light before the light reaches the retina? How did these areas appear in the cow eye?What is the function of the optic disc?What is the function of the choroid? How is the choroid different in cows than in humans? What does the choroid look like on the cow eye?

Watch the 3-minute video: https://www.viddler.com/embed/4ef12221Using what you learned from chapters 4 and 5 (section 5.5), describe how one slice of bread is digested and absorbed from mouth to anus. Include any relevant hormones and enzymes and why those are necessary. Discuss how the bread is broken down from a complex carbohydrate to a simple carbohydrate and how it is transported into the cells. List all steps in a bullet-point format.

Each question is separate, this is not a paper.Question 1. Imagine that you are a forensic detective and you have been tasked with analyzing a complete skeleton. How might you go about determining if the skeleton is male or female? What characteristics would you look for?Your answer must be at least 200 words in length.Question 2. Discuss the difference between general senses and special senses. Then, of the special senses, decide which you think is either most important or least important and explain your position.Your answer must be at least 200 words in length.

You will be required to write a 7- 10 page paper on how vaccines are produced and impact they have on society and public health.  It must be written with references sited and a reference page

Understanding and Integration of Living Components of the Human Body.It is here where much detail is brought together with cellular structure and function, and the organization of many cells together in the body, that make up tissues. Do not merely memorize these individual vocabulary words, but rather, learn and comprehend how these cells and tissues interact and function together.Therefore ASSIGNMENT # 2 is as follows:Given what you have learned from Cell Structure and Function, and Tissue Related Concepts, how can present and ongoing climatic changes impact us, at the Cellular and Tissue level?        List two (2) precise examples including Cellular and Tissue for both.You MUST be BIOLOGICALY ACCURATE and very focused in your writing. No rambling on. Instead be brief, but succinct in your responses. It is to your advantage that you complete the readings of BOTH Chapters 3 and 4, before you approach your answer to this question. 

SCENARIO—TWOMr. Coles, a 60 year-old-male, was brought into the ER.  He is a construction worker who was involved in an accident at the job site.  He has obvious severe head and neck trauma—his scalp and neck were badly lacerated and he has an impacted skull fracture, he remains in a comatose state. His initial urine lab test was within normal limits. A Complete Blood Count (CBC) was done and his hematocrit was 30%. When his blood was sent for “typing”, it agglutinated with anti A and anti B serum. Further testing was done and revealed that Mr. Cole’s blood lacked the Rh factor.Question 1: Explain the term “blood typing”, what is the purpose of this test and how is it completed.  What do Mr. Coles results indicate? Question 2: If Mr. Coles is requiring a blood transfusion, what blood group(s) and type(s) can he receive? Why?The physician discovered that Mr. Coles was the great-great-great grandson of Queen Victoria.  So, his fracture was repaired without further delays and the following orders (and others) were given:•    Transfuse 2 units of blood•    Check and record vital signs; report any adverse reactions•    Apply pressure bandage to any bleeding episodes immediatelyQuestion 3: Explain the hereditary blood disorder that Mr. Coles has inherited.  How will that affect his current treatment?Question 4: Describe 2 types of transfusion reactions.  What are the symptoms, why do they happen and what are possible consequences?On the second day of his hospitalization, the nurse noticed the following on Mr. Coles:•    Rapid heart rate, nervousness, and hand tremors•    Skin warm and flushed•    Sweating and rapid respirationsUpon receiving this information, the physician ordered further blood tests to be done. Lab test confirms the diagnosis of over activity of an endocrine gland. Question 5: What would you say Mr. Coles’ hormonal problem is and what is the cause of his signs and symptoms? Explain your answer.You are expected to submit a professionally completed assignment with the required sections as outlined below. Answers to the case scenarios should be written with enough detail that someone without prior healthcare knowledge will understand the information.Required sections1.    Answers to all the questions:a.    Typed and double spaced.b.    Not exceeding 4 pages (not including reference and title page)c.    Proofread for spelling, grammar, and sentence structure.d.    APA format.2.    Other documents:a.    A cover page with student’s and professor’s name.b.    A copy of the case study scenario. c.    Reference page.d.    A copy of the rubric.

Essays must be in English and no more than 750 words.Word count includes in-text citations, but not reference lists.Essays must include at least 4 references.The question is All humans are 99.9% genetically identical at the DNA level. Remarkably, just a small fraction (0.1%) of our DNA contributes tothe different characteristics among populations around the world and that make every person unique. Important discoveries in human genetics and genomics often rely on comparing groups of people, for example people with a given disease compared to people without the disease. These studies utilize genomic data from individuals who have contributed their DNA for research purposes, most of which (approximately 80%) are individuals of European ancestry. How does this population representation impact genomic findings? Can the data and results of these studies still be useful for studies in other populations from around the world? Discuss whether inclusion of more diverse populations in genetic and genomic studies holds a potential to benefit future genetic research and improve human health.

Questions: Part 1. Consider the following experiment (reference below). It has long been thought that antioxidants decrease risk for developing cancer. This was tested by giving either the antioxidant Vitamin E or placebo at random to 35,000 men, and measuring how many were diagnosed with prostate cancer 5 years later. There was no statistically significant difference in prostate cancer rate between the groups at the end of the study.   1. What was their hypothesis? (Be specific)   2. What was their treatment group?   3. What was their control group?   4. What was the dependent variable?   5. Can they broadly conclude that ALL antioxidants do not prevent ALL cancers? Why or why not? **Careful, this is tricky. Reference: Lippman SM et al. Effect of selenium and vitamin E on risk of prostate cancer and other cancers. JAMA. December 9, 2008.   Part 2 Design an experiment that you could do to test homeostasis of body temperature.  Do not make a big deal about this.  Think about the things that might make the human body heat up.   6. Explain your hypothesis   7. Explain your treatment   8. Describe your control   9. What is the dependent variable?   10. How could your experiment be strengthened?

Briefly describe landmark experiment which used the scientific method and give reference for it. Please describe Gregor Mendel experiment with pea plant. Please have a look at the example which I’ve attached.

Types of anemiasDiscuss the different type of anemias.This paper is for pathophysiology.you may include graphs and figures as well