Chemistry

Choose the topic for your course project.Familiarize yourself with PowerPoint with Audio Narration, which you will be using for your final presentation.Upload a “mini-presentation” introducing the molecule of your choice and explaining why you chose this topic for the course project.         So much stress and so little time? We’ve got you […]

Description: Essay 1000 words Causes of chemical pollution and their effect on our natural resources also reference it         So much stress and so little time? We’ve got you covered. Get your paper proofread, edited or written from scratch within the tight deadline.

a gas sample is heated from 20 to 57 A gas sample is heated from -20.0 Degree C to 57.0 Degree C and the volume is increased from 2.00 L to 4.50 L. If the initial pressure is 0.134 atm, what is the final pressure? 0.0457 atm -0.170 atm 0.393 atm 0.231 atm 0.0777 atm […]

Dispersion Forces One of the three van der Waals forces is present in all condensed phases, regardless of the nature of the atoms or molecules composing the substance. This attractive force is called the London dispersion force in honor of German-born American physicist Fritz London who, in 1928, first explained it. This force is often referred to as simply the dispersion force. Because the electrons of an atom or molecule are in constant motion (or, alternatively, the electron’s location is subject to quantum-mechanical variability), at any moment in time, an atom or molecule can develop a temporary, instantaneous dipole if its electrons are distributed asymmetrically. The presence of this dipole can, in turn, distort the electrons of a neighboring atom or molecule, producing an induced dipole. These two rapidly fluctuating, temporary dipoles thus result in a relatively weak electrostatic attraction between the species—a so-called dispersion force. Dispersion forces that develop between atoms in different molecules can attract the two molecules to each other. The forces are relatively weak, however, and become significant only when the molecules are very close. Larger and heavier atoms and molecules exhibit stronger dispersion forces than do smaller and lighter atoms and molecules. F2 and Cl2 are gases at room temperature (reflecting weaker attractive forces); Br2 is a liquid, and I2 is a solid (reflecting stronger attractive forces). Trends in observed melting and boiling points for the halogens clearly demonstrate this effect, as seen in Table 1. Table 1. Melting and Boiling Points of the Halogens Halogen    Molar Mass    Atomic Radius    Melting Point    Boiling Point fluorine, F2    38 g/mol    72 pm    53 K    85 K chlorine, Cl2    71 g/mol    99 pm    172 K    238 K bromine, Br2    160 g/mol    114 pm    266 K    332 K  iodine, I2    254 g/mol    133 pm    387 K    457 K astatine, At2    420 g/mol    150 pm    575 K    610 K The increase in melting and boiling points with increasing atomic/molecular size may be rationalized by considering how the strength of dispersion forces is affected by the electronic structure of the atoms or molecules in the substance. In a larger atom, the valence electrons are, on average, farther from the nuclei than in a smaller atom. Thus, they are less tightly held and can more easily form the temporary dipoles that produce the attraction. The measure of how easy or difficult it is for another electrostatic charge (for example, a nearby ion or polar molecule) to distort a molecule’s charge distribution (its electron cloud) is known as polarizability. A molecule that has a charge cloud that is easily distorted is said to be very polarizable and will have large dispersion forces; one with a charge cloud that is difficult to distort is not very polarizable and will have small dispersion forces.

Summarize how chemistry is related to God’s creation.

1. Using condensed structural formulas write an example of a hydrogenation reaction of an alkene and of an alkyne. Are there different reagents you need to use for an alkene or an alkyne? Is it possible to stop a reaction of an alkyne at an alkene and if so, how. Can we control the stereochemistry of the hydrogenation of an alkyne? Explain. 2. Find an organic compound that contains an aromatic functional group that is not benzene. Describe why the organic compound you chose is considered to have an aromatic functional group. No Benzene! 3. Find any asymmetric alkene structure. Write the hydrohalogenation reaction for the alkene that you chose. Write all the possible products and circle the product that is favored. Draw a reaction mechanism showing how the favored product was formed.

Water’s adhesion, cohesion, polar bond benefit humans. 

An alkyne is an unsaturated organic hydrocarbon that has the formula CnH2n-2. These are the most reactive hydrocarbons and cannot form a ring. Use the knowledge you have gained from bonding of alkenes and alkanes and comment on why alkynes cannot form a ring and why they are the most reactive hydrocarbon in this discussion.

Write an abstract of the N-heterocyclic carbene as a ligand rank among the most powerful tools in organic chemistry, with numerous applications in commercially important processes.

The essay should focus on how alcohol is metabolized in the human body and how it deteriorates or affects the brain and liver. Some alcohol-related diseases in the brain or liver should be discussed.