Criminology

Ex post facto laws are forbidden by the United States Constitution, and this protection prohibits the government from charging you with a crime using a law that was created after the crime was committed. If it was not a crime at the time an actor committed an act, then the actor may not be charged when the act becomes a crime. But protection against ex post facto laws effect more than just the elements of a crime, it also effects sentencing and punishment. The links below describe an unusual situation involving a cold case murder. Read the articles and discuss the questions below. Man, 52, Is Convicted as a Juvenile in a 1976 Murder, Creating a Legal Tangle 10-year prison term imposed in cold case murder of Westfield woman Should a 52 year-old man who has eluded justice for so many years enjoy protections normally afforded juvenile defendants simply because he was 15 when he committed the crime? Why do ex post facto protections always work to the benefit of the accused regarding sentencing even when there was a more severe sentence available at the time the crime was committed? Should the law be able to punish this 52 year old man for not turning himself in for such a long period of time? Is there an amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would prevent the criminal justice system from punishing him for not confessing? Lesson 4 Discussion 250 wrds  De Blasio’s decision to add 1,300 cops came after being swayed by Commissioner Bratton’s vision for NYPD: sources Read the article about New York City adding 1,300 new police officers. Mayor De Blasio has been publicly critical of his own police department’s treatment of minorities and use of force. Why do you think the mayor agreed to hire 1,300 new police officers? Does more police equal less crime? Can understaffing cause increases in use of force? In your own city or community, do you feel better seeing more police officers or fewer?

Research Proposal:  The goal of this class is to put together a research proposal, which is different from a research paper that you are used to doing for other classes.  A research proposal is a research study design. It is very important that you read the book to guide you through this process as well as the extra sources I put on Moodle. You will turn in parts of your paper throughout the semester for editing before submitting the final paper. Check the class schedule for the due dates.   1.         You will be allowed flexibility in pursuing your own interests in choosing a topic and determining a research question. If you have written a research paper that you really liked in a previous class, feel free to use that topic to determine your research question.   2.         Your proposal must include a title page with the title, name of student, course title, date, and name of instructor centered in the middle of the page. Incorrect formatting or missing title page will result in 10 points being deducted.   3.         Your proposal must be 8 – 10 pages not including the title page and works cited page. It should be typed, double-spaced, using Times New Roman 12-point font. Not having this format will result in 10 points being deducted.   4.         See the writing grading rubric for the writing standards. In addition to format, you will also be graded on organization, content, development, grammar, and style.   5.         Your internal citations and works cited page need to be in APA format. You must have at least five academic references, which are academic research papers published in academic journals. See the “How to Look Up Academic Articles” document posted on Moodle. Newspaper articles, blogs, or reference material retrieved from Wikipedia and other encyclopedias will not be accepted. If you are not familiar with the APA format, you can find assistance from: . All sources other than your own ideas must be documented in the paper and on the works cited page. A similarity score higher than 25% on Turn-It-In will not be graded. Make sure you submit before the deadline so you can edit your paper to get a lower similarity score. How to write a research proposal: https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/researchproposal How to write methods section on research proposal: https://www.quora.com/How-can-I-write-my-methodology-in-a-research-proposal

How does capitalism cause egoism and thus crime?

The first two pages of the review should cover what the book was about.  This is where you must learn to briefly describe the key points of the book. The rest of the review should be a critical analysis of the book.  This should be focused on the book’s thesis, its assumptions, its findings, and conflicts raised within the book. This section should be analysis, not additional review.   If you use a quote only one per page.When you get to page 3 start to analysis. Don’t use phases like I believe or I Feel.

Explain C.P.T.E.D, in your opinion is this an effective tool? Why or why not? Cite sources in APA format.

Select a policy analysis model of your own choosing. Chapter 4 discusses analysis models; however, you will need to do a little digging and find an analysis model for this paper. Your paper must be 4 to 6 typed pages, double-spaced, using the APA writing style. The paper should demonstrate outside research and sources.  In 1959, Charles Lindblom published an article in which he attempted to explain how public policy is developed. He was responding to the prevailing theory that public policy decisions were made in a rational way, with policy makers considering all available options and then choosing the best course of action. In his article entitled “The Science of Muddling Through,” he introduced the theory of incrementalism, which states that public policy is developed through small changes to existing policies. The theory of incrementalism suggests that there is never enough time to consider all the information, that information on all possible choices is not readily available, and that it is easier to make small changes to existing policies than to create something entirely new. Often, great investments have been made in current programs, and it is extremely difficult to dislodge systems that have been in existence for a long time. Consider the attempts to downsize the U.S. Defense Department. Immediately following the fall of the Berlin Wall in the late 1980s and the “end of the Cold War,” proclamations were made about the anticipated savings from the newfound peace (often referred to as the peace dividend). Several years passed, and only small changes were made in the Defense Department. Attempting to close some military bases throughout the country caused tremendous political disagreement. The return to increased military involvement in recent years has reinforced the belief in incremental change: If the nation’s military had been dramatically downsized, it might not have been ready for the increased U.S. military involvement overseas after the 9/11 attacks. The incremental approach allows for adaptation to occur over time. The Social Security Act is another example of incrementalist policy making. It took 20 years of legislative activity before the act became law in 1935. Through incremental change, the program gradually expanded. Initially it was designed to provide income for workers after retirement and coverage for family members whose main breadwinner had died. In 1956, disability coverage was added. In 1965, health insurance was added through the Medicare program. In 1972, the Supplemental Security Income program was developed to consolidate and expand services for low-income seniors and low-income people with disabilities. In 1996, the control of the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program was shifted from the federal government to the state governments, and the program was changed to the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program. In 2003, the Medicare program was expanded to include prescription drug benefits. In addition to these major programs, hundreds of amendments have been passed and legislative changes made since passage of the Social Security Act more than 80 years ago.

In a two-page essay, explain probation and parole. In your response, you should include the information listed below. Identify both concepts. Provide one advantage and one disadvantage of each. Explain how remote location monitoring can assist probation and parole agencies. Cite and reference (in APA format) at least two sources

Locate an online resource that shows (or talks about) the courtroom in action that would be considered some sort of pop culture reference. This could be from a cartoon, a TV series, a reality show, a movie, or even a musical selection. For this first portion of the discussion post, describe what this pop culture reference is showing, in as much detail as possible (what is going on, what type of courtroom procedure, what actors are shown/represented, etc.). Spend at least a paragraph describing this courtroom portrayal. Then, please also post a link to the pop culture representation that you have found so that others may look at it. Compare what you have read about courtroom operations to your pop culture representation. What seems overblown or inaccurate? What is omitted or left out? Be as critical as possible with respect to identifying how the pop culture portrayal is either a good or bad match for the descriptions in your textbook. Finally, think about how these pop culture portrayals have framed our current understanding of the American court system. If someone were to only see that pop culture representation, what are they likely to believe about the existing court system and the way it works?

The Big Stage! Investigators’ roles are largely complete when they hand an investigation over to the District Attorney’s office. Investigators may be called on, however, to help prepare evidence to be presented at trial and to testify about the investigation.  In this assignment, you will outline how investigative procedures support the use of evidence in court proceedings and the trial preparation for a criminal prosecution. Create a table detailing information for each of the following phases of an investigation: The Initial Crime Scene. Describe the steps in processing the initial crime scene. Describe the responsibilities and priorities for investigators. Describe the steps in documenting the crime scene. What are the investigator’s legal obligations at this phase? What are pitfalls to avoid at this phase? The Investigation. Examine procedures and best practices for gathering information. Examine procedures and best practices for conducting witness interviews. What are the investigator’s legal obligations at this phase? What are pitfalls to avoid at this phase? Apprehend Suspects. Analyze strategies for identifying suspects. Analyze strategies for locating and apprehending suspects. Analyze strategies for conducting the interrogation. What are the investigator’s legal obligations at this phase? What are pitfalls to avoid at this phase? The Final Report. Describe parts of the final report. Analyze procedures for assembling and organizing the final report. Analyze procedures for presenting the case to prosecutors. What are the investigator’s legal obligations at this phase? What are pitfalls to avoid at this phase? Prepare for Prosecution. Describe the investigator’s role in preparing evidence for presentation. Describe the investigator’s role in preparing for trial testimony. You may use the The Big Stage! Template [DOCX] to complete this assignment. Remember to update the header with your name, the assignment date, and your professor’s name. Your assignment will be evaluated using the following criteria: Describe the steps of processing a crime scene along with the responsibilities and priorities of first responders. Examine procedures and best practices for gathering information and conducting witness interviews. Analyze strategies and techniques for identifying, locating, apprehending, and interrogating suspects. Analyze procedures for assembling and organizing the final report, and presenting it to prosecutors. Describe the investigator’s role in preparing for, and testifying at, a trial. Cite three references. Clarity, writing mechanics, and formatting requirements This course requires the use of Strayer Writing Standards. For assistance and information, please refer to the Strayer Writing Standards link in the left-hand menu of your course. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. The specific course learning outcome associated with this assignment is: Examine the preparation process and tasks required of a criminal investigator in a courtroom setting.

Answer the chapter questions listed below.  List the number of the questions when responding and write in complete sentences. What are the milestones in the development of firearms identification? What is the most fundamental purpose of investigation? What is ‘dactylography’ and why is it significant? What is an example of a “plain view” seizure by a police officer?