Criminology

You are employed by a non-profit group that works with parolees who are attempting to reenter the community. Your boss has asked you to prepare a report that identifies the obstacles these offenders will encounter. You should address housing and employment, of course, but you must look deeper into other issues, including the following: • What effect will criminal background checks, for example, have on these offenders’ chances of finding work?  • What types of work might they be eligible for and precluded from?  • Who will rent to them?  • What bonds with the community do your clients currently have in place?  • Are there any gang affiliations of concern?  • Any substance abuse problems of concern?  • Do you have any violent offenders? If so, what additional obstacles do they face? • What are some of the “collateral consequences” of conviction identified by the American Bar Association and others? The following articles and websites will help you get started: https://nij.gov/topics/corrections/reentry/pages/employment.aspx  https://nij.gov/journals/272/Pages/collateral-consequences.aspx  For the next portion of this writing assignment, state your opinion on collateral consequences. Do you believe that if an offender has done the prison time, he or she should not be further penalized upon reentry? Or do you believe that offenders who violated society’s rules should be precluded from employment, voting, etc.? Support your argument with concepts you learned from the textbook and outside readings.

your job is to research cases that cover the area of self-defense.  Provide justification for your stance on this topic by using research and examples to support your point of view.   Look at how evidence is used to support an affirmative defense and review current legislation or laws which have been enacted related to this topic.  Additional Information: You will develop your paper using APA format. There is a sample APA paper in Course Resources section under Start Here for your review. Additionally, Please review the sample Owl form in the Course Resources section. This form and your paper will be loaded into the Keiser Owl Writing Lab class in the My Organizations area when you first log into Blackboard (you can find this section at the bottom right hand of your page when you log in) once you are ready to have your paper reviewed.  Once you have turned your paper in, ensure you check your email daily to retrieve your feedback.  This will ensure you have assistance and help in editing and revising your paper. Your paper will have a cover page and a reference page. Please cite within your work as needed. I would like for you to use a minimum of 3 references for this paper. Your paper should be a minimum of 3 pages in length, double spaced; this does not include your Title Page, Abstract Page or Reference Page.

Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you compare public and business budget preparation strategies. Make sure to include: Introduction to budget preparation Operating and funding sources of public revenue Effects of demographics on public revenue services Include at least two academic sources in your paper, including one from the university library. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

Overview Theories are not very helpful if you do not feel comfortable using them to analyze criminal behavior. The research essay provides you the opportunity to select a criminal that interests you and look at their actions through a criminological lens. Instructions The research paper requires students to select a famous criminal and explain their offending using one (or more) criminological theories.  Criminals can be real or fictional. For example, the essay could explain the offending of Al Capone (a real mobster) or Tony Soprano (a fictional mobster). A summary of the criminological theory or theories being applied as well as a description of how the theory explains the offending is essential. When writing your paper, you should provide a brief background to the criminal you are discussing. The majority of your paper should apply the criminological theory(ies) to the criminal offending. You should provide your own critical analysis of how this particular theory explains the individual’s conduct. This may mean discussing any justifications that the criminal gave for their offending, something from their background (perhaps childhood experiences or the like), or from their actual conduct when committing their crime(s). These are just examples. Students must write between 1800-2200 words. Submissions below 1800 words will not meet the minimum requirement to pass the essay. Penalties for exceeding 2200 words will be calculated at 5% deducted from the final grade for every 10% or part thereof of the word count that is exceeded. This means that a penalty is deducted as soon as the word count is exceeded. Word counts include in-text references but not bibliographies or cover pages. Late submissions will be penalized at 5% for every 24 hour period after the deadline that work is late. This means that the first 5% is lost in the first 24 hours a submission is late. Papers should be written in 12 point, Times New Roman with 1.5 line spacing. A cover page with the student’s details and the total word count (excluding bibliography) is required. Include a cover page with your name, the class, and the total word count. The paper will also require a reference list/ bibliography of the works cited in the paper. References should be in the Chicago (author-date) Style. This is a research essay, and independent research (beyond the textbook) is necessary. There must be a minimum of 10 academic sources. These are peer-reviewed, scholarly sources. Sources such as news websites, Wikipedia, and similar do not count towards the 10 required sources. Sources that discuss the criminal you discuss will probably not be scholarly but should be included. In other words, you will have non-academic sources (though credible: news articles, investigative reporting)  in addition to the 10 academic sources. Your academic sources will address the particular criminological theory you are applying

Please answer the following questions in essay format 1. What are some of the fundamental reasons we see police officers engage in misconduct? Why are these ethical violations so serious and how do they impact their relationship with the community? Fully explain and support your answer. 2. The use of force, i.e., when force should be used and in what manner, by law enforcement is constantly an issue for debate. With that, explain your view on the use of force by police. As part of the response give a situation (real or hypothetical) that illustrates your view. Be careful to fully explain and support your answer. Now with DQ#2 in mind, the following video is presented (copy and paste the URL in your browser to view it). Here you will see a Trooper using what was ultimately deemed to have used excessive force as it regards apprehending a female speeder. Ultimately it costs him his job, and earned her a 6 figure settlement. That aside, pls know there are clearly different views on what the outcome here should have been (i.e., some siding with the officer and others the female speeder).     However for us the question to consider (as you draft your initial response to DQ#2) is such actions excessive or justified. In answering such questions pls ensure to go beyond just opinion, i.e., support via referenced examples and or data.

Police are called to Bob Smith’s home as a result of a complaint from neighbors regarding the several large dogs that are constantly barking on his property. Bob lives in a residential neighborhood that has experienced significant change and new development in recent years. While his home is surrounded by a new planned development with matching homes and yards, Bob wouldn’t sell to the developers, so his property still looks like a farm with several buildings (a barn, a storage shed, and other outbuildings). The property is fenced, so Bob doesn’t feel the need to keep the dogs inside. They roam the property and bark at anyone and anything that passes the property, including most cars. When the officers arrive to talk to Bob, he allows them through the gate and onto his property. While they are talking to Bob about the noise complaints, one officer notices a shed door is partially open, and what looks like a crate of weapons is visible. Officer Jones asks Bob, “What’s with the weapons?” and Bob says, “Those are old relics that I’ve collected.” However, Officer Jones doesn’t believe him and starts walking toward the shed. Bob lunges at Officer Jones and grabs at his gun. The two struggle for the weapon, and just as Bob pulls away with the gun, Officer Baker shoots Bob twice, once in the shoulder, and once in the chest, causing Bob to drop the gun and fall to the ground. Officer Baker immediately calls for an ambulance, and Officer Jones begins applying pressure to Bob’s wounds and tells him, “Hold on. Help is on the way.” Bob thinks he’s not going to make it and decides that he wants a clear conscience as he moves on to whatever comes next. He tells the officers everything about the guns—where he got them, for what they were going to be used, and with whom Bob was planning his criminal conspiracy to engage in domestic terror by attacking a local rally on LGBT rights the following weekend. Officer Baker thinks that they should search the other buildings on the property for additional weapons, but Officer Jones doesn’t think they have probable cause to do so. Baker argues that exigent circumstances allow them to conduct a broader search, especially with the first crate of guns in plain view. They do a search of the barn and other buildings on the property, except the main house, and discover two more crates of weapons. The EMTs ended up arriving in time, and Bob was saved. He now stands trial along with two of his co-conspirators for illegal weapons charges, conspiracy charges, and domestic terrorism charges. Bob’s defense counsel plans to argue that the plain view doctrine didn’t apply to this case and that everything discovered subsequently should be tossed. Additionally, they plan to argue that because Bob wasn’t actually dying, his dying declaration to the police officers wasn’t valid. In a 3–5-page paper, please include responses to the bulleted issues listed below. It is critical that when you make a statement of fact in your presentation that you cite the reference you obtained the information from in the text of the paper and that the reference is included in your reference page. Your paper must be submitted in APA, 6th edition format. No abstract is required because this is a short position paper, but a title page, reference page, and appropriate running header with page numbers are all necessary. Detail the concept for admissibility of plain sight evidence and the legal requirements for the officers to invoke a plain sight seizure. Discuss the concepts known as dying declaration and exigent circumstances in the context of this case. Discuss the meaning of each concept and why the court believes in such exceptions to constitutional requirements. Discuss whether you believe the defendant’s arguments will be successful, and why or why not. Be sure to reference all sources using APA style.

Examine the history and development of probation and parole in the correctional system. What are the four reasons for probation and the goals achieved throughout the process? What are the types of parole and the conditions that are often assigned to the offender? In addition, what kind of collaboration and accountability is necessary to ensure the proper execution of these correctional methods (e.g. probation officers, parole officers)? When answering these questions, please be sure to consider the impact that these forms of community corrections have on the correctional process. The body of your paper must be no more than 3 pages. In addition to the body, your paper must include a title page, abstract, and reference page. Your paper must adhere to current APA format throughout, and your writing must be supported with properly formatted in-text citations. You must include at least 2 sources in addition to the Bible.

Review the correctional theories located in the Learning Resources. Using the National Institute of Justice website, research and identify one reentry program. Then, identify one program from another country, from a credible resource (they can be shown to be effective or ineffective). Describe two reentry programs. Include at least two social or cultural perspectives on each. For each reentry program: Explain whether each one is effective. Explain how it is effective or ineffective. Include references to research and statistics that exist to support or oppose the furtherance of the program. Include at least one graph for each program to illustrate your position. Finally, explain which program is more effective at helping offenders reenter society. Present one way you would suggest reforming the program to improve it. Present one way you would suggest reforming the program to improve it.

look ahead at the critical issues facing the criminal justice system. Many of today’s critical issues have either arisen or worsened as a result of the 9/11 attacks. This assignment will require you to build on your assignment by applying the concepts of the course to the following four areas: Using the South University Online Library or the Internet, research and analyze a major national-level street gang, such as MS-13 or the Bloods. Describe the challenges such gangs present to law enforcement. Also, analyze how theories such as social disorganization and strain theory describe factors that lead juveniles to join such gangs. Another key issue is the use of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) evidence to exonerate wrongfully-convicted offenders. Advances in technology in recent years have allowed investigators to use old crime scene evidence to prove the evidence of some death-row inmates. For this portion of the assignment, describe the efforts being made by citizens outside the criminal justice system to ensure that innocent people are not wrongfully executed. Be sure to include the “Innocence Project.” The above issue raises the question of how innocent men and women might have been convicted in the first place. For the third portion of this assignment, analyze and discuss the most common causes of wrongful convictions. For the final part of this paper, examine a post-9/11 critical issue that corresponds to your area of interest. Once you have selected an issue: How the community influences this issue? Are the lawmakers and politicians addressing the issue appropriately? Have any improvements been made in recent years? Given what you have learned throughout his program, what are your thoughts on the issue? Some issues you might wish to choose may include the President’s use of drones to kill the US citizens suspected of terrorism without due process; the use of GPS devices and “sneak-and-peek” searches to investigate suspects; cyber-attacks from foreign countries; the use of Supermax prisons to house convicted terrorists; legislation to restrict private ownership of certain types of guns.

task is to explain the process of the juvenile justice system and possible dispositional outcomes and to address the adult court waiver process. Tom Jones is a sixteen-year-old repeat juvenile offender who has just been detained by the police for attempted murder. Jennifer Smith is a fifteen-year-old first-time offender who has just been detained by the police for vandalism.  create a 4- to 6-page overview in a Microsoft Word document based on the aforementioned scenario. In your overview, address the following aspects of the juvenile justice system: Explain the juvenile court process for both Jones and Smith from the processing of the cases to the dispositions. Provide a detailed dispositional recommendation for both Smith and Jones. Take into account the treatment options available for both offenders within the juvenile justice system. Explain why there is a possibility that Jones could be waived to the adult court system. Justify in detail whether Jones should or should not be waived to the adult court system for his current offense.