Education

Read the attached readings prior to completing this assignment. Learning Objectives Assessed: Identify key tenets of qualitative research Identify key tenets of quantitative research Evaluate when to implement a qualitative or quantitative methodology Provide examples of quantitative and qualitative research questions Identify and apply ethical considerations related to conducting research Identify, select, and apply theoretical frameworks based on the nature of the question Instructions: Based on the readings and applied experiences, discuss and define 3 classroom based problems that can be best addressed/evaluated implementing quantitative methodology, and 3 classroom based problems that can be best addressed using qualitative methodology and evaluate the ethical considerations and theoretical framework(s) related. Please see the rubric below and be sure to include the following in paper. Requirements Table Assessed Requirements Points 3 quantitative research questions related to teaching and learning  5 Explain why these problems can be best-addressed implementing quantitative methodology 5 3 qualitative research questions related to teaching and learning  5 Explain why these problems can be best-addressed implementing qualitative methodology 5 List at least 5 ethical considerations that should be taken into account when conducting research to address the questions proposed 5 Choose two theoretical frameworks that can be implemented when answering these questions (e.g.,Grounded Theory, Cultural Responsive Teaching CRT, Piaget’s stages of Development, etc.) 5

Instructions: You’ll watch one of 2 Films that explore disparities in the US education system. Both look at how schools are segregated even years after the famous “Brown v. Board of Education” (1954) description by the US Supreme court.   Choose a film from below:   “Waiting for Superman” (found on Netflix, Amazon Prime, and other streaming outlets that require a subscription).  OR  Teach us All: Segregation and Education the United States” (this film can be found on Kanope. You all can access this through our Barry Library. The direct link is here: https://barry.kanopy.com/video/teach-us-all (Links to an external site.) (Links to an external site.)  (Links to an external site.) ANSWER THE  FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: What are some of the main reasons for inequality in the US school system? (policy, norms, history?) What are some of the solutions according to the film? **About 1 page. Typed, double-spaced. **Use at least one other source/literature either from class (i.e., reading by J. Kozol) or outside of class. Cite your sources–that includes in-text citation and a citation/reference list at the end.

PLEASE READ ALL I would like my research proposal to analyze and ask the question of: is there a relationship between community centers/programs and educational attainment in NYC? What, if any, impact do community centers have on the racial disparity in education? I would like to analyze community centers that specifically have educational programs: Henry Street Settlement, Sadie Nash Leadership Project and I would like you to find two more to incorporate. please focus on NYC!! please use ASA FORMat The length of this proposal should be approximately 3-4 single-spaced pages. Maximum of 4 pages, 12-point font (not including the bibliography). This proposal will be comprised of elements submitted for previous assignments, which you have extended and revised for this full proposal. This should read as a full research proposal. I am calling it preliminary to reduce the pressure of calling it “final.” I also am calling it preliminary to suggest that you will hope to use it as a jumping-off point for future work. References to outside sources within the text will be in the (Author Year) format, with the full reference included in the bibliography. If something from that reference is quoted, it should be of the format (Author Year: page number). 1. Research problem. (This is probably going to take a paragraph or two.) Work to offer a clear, concise and focused statement of the research question(s) you want to try to answer. Note that “Research is not a summary of what is available on a given topic but an original analysis of a specific problem. A research problem is distinct from a topic in that it is more specific and orients research toward an analysis… If you already know the answer to the question, or if it can be obtained through a few simple inquiries, it is not an adequate research problem. It should be a puzzle, a mystery that you want to solve…In introducing your problem in a research proposal, you should provide a succinct statement which will help you to remain focused.” (Excerpted from George Mason University website (Links to an external site.)) Proposal Coherence Each part of the proposal should logically connect to the others. I describe below how some of the other parts need to be logically connected to the statement of the research problem(s) /question(s) stated in the beginning and to each other. Literature Review: The literature review (as described below) should be crafted to describe an existing scholarly conversation in a way that leaves the reader thinking it makes sense to ask the exact research questions that you are. That is, the questions posed in your statement of the problem in the beginning, are clarified and made salient by the literature review. Method: Do your best to ensure that the question(s) in a way that you can realistically find some possible answers to it by the research method you propose. Often, you will find that you need to change your statement of the research problem/question(s) as you consider what data are available, and vice versa. Expected Findings: Your expected findings must clearly provide at least some partial answer to the question(s) posed in the beginning and it must be reasonable to expect that you could actually discover the findings that you say you expect from these methods. 2. Background on the problem. (This is probably going to take 1/2 to 3/4 of a page.) To help the reader understand the issue you will be investigating, you need to provide context. In a proposal, this section provides a brief overview of the larger issues and ideas of your topic, and how this specific research problem relates to these larger issues. This section might discuss in very broad strokes what is known about the larger issue in a way that creates curiosity about the answers to the questions you are posing in part 1. (Excerpted and adapted from GMU (Links to an external site.). 3. Literature review. Craft and enter into a scholarly conversation (This is probably going to take 3/4 to 1 page.) A research project should be original, rather than reproducing existing literature on the topic. Yet it is helpful to consider any current research as part of a scholarly conversation. The literature review section of your proposal is an opportunity to begin that conversation by reviewing the research to date, indicating what aspects of it your project will build upon and the ways that your proposed research differs from what has already been done. You should be able to identify themes that emerge from the existing research as well as its shortcomings. Or, you may find that what exists on the topic is truly excellent, but that it doesn’t account for the specific problem you have identified. In this section, you should also clarify the theoretical orientation of your project and identify specific sources from which you will draw. Another way to think about the literature review is how to tell researchers of your general issue why they need to read your paper (once the research is done). Please see articles in sociology journals for examples of literature reviews and consult these excellent guides from the University of North Carolina (Links to an external site.) and from the University of Wisconsin (Links to an external site.). 4. Research method. (This is probably going to take 1/2 page.) The statement of the research method should describe what kind of data you will use, where you will find it, and why you think this data will be fruitful in helping you answer the questions you posed for your research problem. You will name the kind of primary data you will analyze. (Note that secondary sources will be covered in the “literature review” section of the proposal, written later.) Primary data may be quantitative measures collected by someone else such as the Bureau of Prisons, the US Census, or the US Department of Housing and Urban Development. Primary data may also be qualitative in nature: archival (simply meaning paper or other artifacts – even digital – that you can examine), oral histories, interviews, surveys, or participant observations. You may collect these yourself or find access to original data that someone else has collected. The methods section will also describe the scope of the data. That is, whatever you are going to examine, who, when, where does your data cover? If relevant, how many observations will there be? For example, when I was writing my dissertation, I narrowed my focus to say that I was studying all takings of private property proposed by the Redevelopment Authority of Philadelplhia between 1992 and 2007. Those were my scope conditions. In your case, make sure that the data and scope of the data lead you to a project that you – as an undergraduate student – could actually complete in a single semester. 5. Anticipated findings/ preliminary arguments (This should probably take 1/2 page.) You haven’t done any of the research you are planning yet, or perhaps you’ve poked around and done a pilot interview or two or analyzed a bit of the quantitative or archival data. And yet, you should already start to write down what you expect to find – once you have completed the full-blown project (as described in your methods). This section should indicate in a preliminary fashion, the conclusions that you expect to be able to draw once you have analyzed your data. In other words, what do you think your main findings might be. Once you draft this section, you might find that you need to edit other sections of the proposal so that the whole project is coherent. This section forces you to become explicit about the hunches that you have that made you want to pursue this project in the first place. Re-reading this section to yourself also should prompt you to ask if what you hope to be able to argue can really be found out by your methods. And finally, it will make you wonder if this project seems worthwhile. That is, you might ask, if this is what I’ll find, is it important to know? Please don’t worry about writing this up before you really know what your data will tell you. It’s likely (perhaps inevitable) that once you’ve completed your research and are writing your final paper, your findings will be quite different than you anticipated. That, in fact, may become a useful point for you to discuss in the conclusion to your work. But having some sense of the result you expect will help keep your work focused on the relevant issues and will keep you alert to information which may lead to conclusions other than what you expected. (Excerpted and adapted from GMU (Links to an external site.).) 6. Focused Reflection on Ethics of Research Plan (This section should probably be 3/4 to 1 page.) This section is not typically included in a research plan. It is meant primarily to create a space where students will synthesize some of the lessons from class reading and discussions that they find to be most crucial for research planning. The proposal will also provide commentary on how this research project meets some of the standards for ideal research into urban inequality that the student has developed in this course. It should refer to several sources assigned for class, and explain in some way how they informed this research project. Each paragraph in this section might be organized as follows: first, stating some choice made in the proposal above, then defending that choice and explaining why you felt it was important to go in this direction, given how research has been done previously. For instance, you might explain how you build on how Du Bois and Drake and Cayton emphasized the importance of showing heterogeneity in segregated black neighborhoods, and you agree and crafted a research proposal designed to see variation. 7. Bibliography (not included in the page count) Be consistent, and follow the styles outlined by the American Sociological Association. References for the style guide: ASA – excerpts (Links to an external site.) Williamette University Summary (Links to an external site.) Purdue University Summary (Links to an external site.) ****** Research design takes time, and it is unrealistic to expect to produce a stellar, complete research proposal during this course. However, it is quite realistic to expect this course to spark interest in certain topics. And for students to spend some time developing ideas for a research project that they may refine in the future. At a minimum, this exercise should familiarize students with the elements of the research proposal and how to connect those elements to form a coherent whole.

Proposal (Classical) Argument Instructions and Checklist Essay 1   Assignment   In Module/Week 3, you will write a 1,000–1,200-word proposal argument essay from the thesis/outline that you submitted in Module/Week 2. Your assignment is to develop a proposal essay following the Classical Model of argument. The research sources for this essay have been provided for you in our course. Any additional sources that you may choose to use must be credible academic sources. You must integrate a total of at least 4 quotations, summaries and/or paraphrases from at least 3 credible academic sources to support your thesis statement and provide opposing arguments. Be sure to document your sources correctly according to your documentation style (Current APA, MLA, or Turabian). You may include biblical support, but it does not count in the required citations.   Proposal Argument Topic and Prompt   Topic: American Public Education Reform   Prompt: Write a proposal essay using the Classical Model of argument in which you address the question, “What needs to be done to reform public education in the United States?” _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. The thesis/outline for this essay is in the attached documents. 2. The essay should include all arguments from the thesis/outline plus new ones from the articles/journals attached. 3. If possible, include some biblical references as it is a Christian college (optional).

Today, we see a lot of influence of Western culture on our formal education system in the Pacific. We have our own ways of learning yet these are often brushed aside to give way to Western ways of teaching and learning. Discuss where you think Western belief systems or culture have been incorporated into our formal education systems the most. Make particular reference to behaviourism and cognitivism from Units 2 and 3 (refer to the attached files) and the theorists and authors you have read. What is your view on this? Do you think it is good or bad?You must be APA compliant and adhere to all the usual academic writing conventions.You must also follow the marking criteria closely

Defend Austrian school economics.  While defending:  the classical school (including its later development such as monetarism, Austrian economics, supply-side economics, new classical economics) and the Keynesian school (including its later development, new Keynesian economics). Then, the two groups (or four to include two classical groups and two Keynesian groups, depending on the number of students with about seven or eight students per group) discuss classical economics and Keynesian economics, defending their school and criticizing the other school’s theories and practices. In your responses, Compare and contrast classical economics and Keynesian economics. What are the major differences between them? Which model would you prefer? You may already prefer one because you are defending your school. Thoroughly explain your reasoning. As a classical economist or a Keynesian economist, what would you do for the current U.S. economy? Your initial post should be a minimum of 300 words.

Read pages 371 – 373 in your text. People have vastly different opinions on the role and responsibility of schools to provide sex education.  Teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases are real problems facing our adolescent population.  In some cases, the decision to engage in a sexual relationship is a life or death decision.    References: Coon, D., Mitterer, J.O., & Martini, T. (2019). Introduction to psychology: Gateways to mind and behavior (15th ed.). Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning.   For this week’s main post, answer the following questions. Be sure to include factual, properly cited information in your post. To what extent should the schools be responsible for teaching sex education?  To what extent should sex education be left to parents?  Who should handle education about STDs? Please respect opinions that differ from yours.  You may disagree, but your reasons need to be clearly stated and respectful, not judgmental or demeaning.

Assignment: Module 1 discusses some very important economic principles that you should remember and use the rest of the semester. These principles help explain some very important concepts in Economics. One of the principles is that people respond to incentive. Some assumptions in Economics are that people will make decisions strategically, human behavior is not random and people adjust at the margin. Another principle in Economics is scarcity. We live in a world of scarcity. People have unlimited wants but the resources available to them are limited. For any decision we make there is an opportunity cost.  Consider everything you read in Module 1.  Answer the following questions in a short essay (approximately 600 words or more – no less).   What kind of incentive do you have to get a degree?   What do you need to do to get a good grade and what is the opportunity cost? Do you need good grades? Why do we need jobs? What incentive do you think people receive from jobs? What kind of objectives are people with jobs trying to achieve? Also, making decisions implies having an opportunity cost. What must these people give up in order to get/keep a job?   Making the decision of getting a job requires trading off goals. What kind of trade off do they face?   Be aware that plagiarism (copying from other papers, Wikipedia, books, articles, and any source that is not your own original work) will result in a zero.  However, I encourage you to research and properly cite credible sources to support your paper.  I am expecting that this essay follows the standard format of Intro, Detail and Summary.  Remember, when expressing your opinion, it should be supported by fact and using the text as a source is perfectly fine.

This module focused on developmentally appropriate practices and the role it plays in early childhood education. We also looked at what it means to be an intentional teacher and the complex role of early childhood educators. For this reflection:  In your own words, describe what is developmentally appropriate practice (DAP)? What are some of the core considerations that early childhood educators know and understand to be intentional in their decisions?     Describe what you would expect to see if you walked into a DAP classroom. Use your words to paint a picture of this DAP classroom and what is happening inside.  What would the classroom look like? What materials would you see? What would the teacher be doing?  What would the children be doing? What would the daily schedule look like?

Case Scenario You are the president of a community college. You receive a letter from the president of the nearest state university, the major transfer institution for your students. The letter informs you that, because of state funding reductions, the university will be limiting the number of transfer students it admits so that it can preserve seats for deserving freshmen. In addition, the grade point average for students transferring from community coleges will be increased from 2.75 to 3.25 beginning next fall semester.  Evaluate the scenario, explaining how you would address the situation if you were the leader of the organization affected by the situation. What issues does the scenario create? Who should be involved in addressing the situation? What actions will you take? You will need to use the information discussed in class as well as find other resources to support the effectiveness and feasibility of your proposal—using references to cite how other leaders/institutions have/have not been successful in similar situations. Your response should consist of a 2-3-page, APA style paper. It is expected that you cite at least 3 references. See rubric for details.