Ethics

Short Answer Questions (50 points each) – complete all four ANIMAL RIGHTS: 1. Describe Bentham, Regan, and Warren’s views on animal rights/ welfare. Which view do you find most convincing and why? (3 sources – Animal Rights Powerpoint) WAR/VIOLENCE: 2. Describe the doctrine of double-effect in the context of war and illustrate with two unique examples. 3. Describe the Militarism, Strict Pacifism, and Moderate Pacifism views about the morality of war. Which view do you find most convincing and why?  IMMIGRATION 4. Discuss Miller’s distinction between refugees and economic migrants. Then, explain Wellman’s justification for not allowing immigration. Discuss the metaphors that he uses. (2 sources, one from each article)

Review the following ethical dilemmas: John Doe has decided to clone himself. He is sterile. He cannot find anyone to marry him. He wishes to have children. He knows that he will not be able to love a child that is adopted or not connected directly to him biologically. He will be making use of a new procedure that involves taking his skin cells to produce a twin. The twin starts out as an embryo and grows into a child. The child in this case will have the same genetic information as John Doe. John Doe and his child will be twins. Jane Doe is eighteen. For as long as she can remember she has been sexually attracted to other females. Her parents belong to a religion that has a religious text stating that God forbids one to be a lesbian. This religion goes on further to say that lesbians will be punished in the afterlife. Jane Doe is debating whether she should tell her parents about her sexual attraction. She has not yet decided if she should come out to her parents and live as a lesbian now that she is a legal adult. Joe and Mary are a couple. Before becoming sterile, they had a child. This child died of a rare disease. Joe and Mary miss their child terribly. They have heard that there is a new IVF procedure that can ensure that they can have another child. However, their religion forbids using IVF. Use the resources assigned for this week and additional research, Instructions Select two of the situations above and then address 2 of the following: What is the relation between ethics and religion? Formulate and investigate the relation. For each case, determine the ethical path of conduct. Then, determine what paths of conduct would be unethical For each case, what would an emotivism say to appraise what you determine is the ethical form of conduct? For each case, would a natural law ethicist agree with what you say is the ethical form of conduct? Why or why not? Articulate, explain, and evaluate in each case an approach that makes use of divine command ethics. Writing Requirements (APA format) Length: 2-3 pages (not including title page or references page) 1-inch margins Double spaced 12-point Times New Roman font Title page References page (minimum of 2 scholarly sources)

Do you think it is necessary to believe in religion or a higher power to be an ethical person? Why or why not? Is the existence of a God (or gods) necessary for people to have a reason or motive to behave ethically? Explain.

Identify the professional code of ethics for your professional specialty or a specialty that you are interested in, describe the decision criteria, and analyze each theory using examples and the Ethical Theory Matrix Template. Moral Theories, Principles of Health Care Ethics, and Professional Ethics Codes Ethics is a branch of philosophy devoted to the study of morality. Ethics has a long history of theories about determining right from wrong and identifying the principles of living a good life. For this assessment, you will be asked to apply foundational principles in ethics, such as autonomy and justice, in a relevant health care setting. Each profession within health care has its own code of ethical behavior designed to help individuals within that profession to make sound ethical choices in carrying out the tasks and practices particular to their professional role. It may be useful to locate one or more relevant codes of ethics for your current or desired career path. This research will be beneficial to your professional development, and you will have a chance to apply it to the Tonya’s Case: Ethics and Professional Codes assessment in this course. Autonomy, Truth-Telling, and Confidentiality These are broad-ranging topics, which, if taken alone, seem almost comically simple. Of course, rational people of legal age should be able to make decisions concerning themselves and their minor children. Of course, medical professionals should be honest with patients, and, of course, patients should be honest with members of their health care teams. Of course, one’s medical issues should be kept private. But rarely are things as simple as they seem. Take some time to scratch beneath the surface, and we encounter myriad ethical dilemmas. Honesty tends to be a revered trait in many cultures. However, many people admit to lying occasionally, especially if the intent is to spare someone pain, embarrassment, or anguish. Is lying to someone because of love, concern, or reputation ever ethical? Privacy and confidentiality are also important concepts. But are there limits? Can the greater good ever outweigh the rights of individuals? And at what point can others, whether an individual or an entity such as a government body, ethically determine someone’s actions, fate, or choices? Fluoridated water, smoking regulations, compulsory K–12 education, and speed limits are only a few examples of how we, as a society, agree to limited personal freedoms because these things are good for us. Demonstration of Proficiency By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria: ·       Competency 1: Articulate ethical issues in health care. o   Articulate the time-tested theories of ethics. o   Describe the strengths and weaknesses of the time-tested theories of ethics. ·       Competency 4: Explain the conceptual framework that health care leaders use to make ethical decisions. o   Identify the decision criteria of the time-tested theories of ethics. Preparation As you begin work on your Ethical Theories Matrix assessment, it may be helpful to review the suggested resources focused on moral and ethical considerations. For your own reference, you may want to briefly jot down your thoughts related to: ·       An inventory of the basic principles of health care ethics. These principles are nonmaleficence, beneficence, utility, distributive justice, and autonomy. o   An explanation of each principle as well as your own example to illustrate the application of each.     Instructions Drawing from the material covered in the resources as well as your own research, complete this assessment using the Ethical Theory Matrix Template [DOC]. ·       For each theory, first describe the decision criteria. The decision criteria are the instructions the theory gives for how to reach the morally correct choice in a situation that requires action. ·       Then, provide your own example of how someone might act using the decision criteria of the theory. ·       Finally, briefly describe the strengths and weaknesses of each theory using the last two columns of the Ethical Theory Matrix Template.   This matrix is a tool you will use throughout the rest of the course. Submit your completed matrix as an attachment to this assessment. Refer to the Matrix of Ethical Theories Scoring Guide for more information on how this assessment will be graded.

Explain “The idea of morality”

After reading the Clash of worldviews: How shall the Christian professional then live? article (see link: https://issuu.com/houstonbaptistuniv/docs/focus_on_worldviews?backgroundColor=%252523222222) Research corporate ethical policies and statements, and write an 800-1000 word paper addressing how conflict management is handled within the culture in particular between personal interests and organizational interests.  Include how employees are trained in the corporate values and ethics in order to maintain the corporate ethics climate.  How does a Christian worldview help to shape both corporate values as well as individual acceptance?

Write a half single space summary on the the topic why morality maters which should include the main topic or subject of the chapter and what appeared  to be most important and relevant . The other half of the page should be single spaced reflection that will represent your personal opinion on the chapter . this can include (culture , faith , personal experience).  Book is  Moral choices an introduction to ethics 4th edition by scott Rae

Write a 2-3 page paper that examines the moral and ethical issues involved in making a decision regarding limiting life support. End-of-Life Issues With our framework of ethical theories and principles in hand, we begin our look at some of the critical ethical issues in our contemporary world, starting with end-of-life issues. This assessment covers ethical questions related to end-of-life care. Passive euthanasia is the removal or refusal of life-sustaining treatment. Examples of passive euthanasia include removal of a feeding tube or a ventilator, or forgoing a life-prolonging surgery. Passive euthanasia is legal in all 50 states, and the principle of autonomy gives informed patients the right to refuse any and all treatments. Patients who are unable to make such decisions in the moment (because they are unconscious, for example) might have made their intentions clear beforehand with an advance directive or similar document. Things become more complicated, however, when a patient who is unable to make treatment choices has not made his or her wishes clear, either formally in a written document, or informally in conversations with family members or friends. Another problem concerns cases in which there is disagreement about whether the treatment is sustaining the life of a person in the full sense or merely as a body that, because of severe and irreversible brain trauma, is no longer truly a living person. Active euthanasia, or assisted suicide, introduces further difficult moral questions. A patient who has a terminal illness and who has refused treatments that would merely prolong a potentially very painful and debilitating death might want the process of dying to be hastened and made less painful. The patient might want to take his or her own life before the disease reaches its horrible final stages. Should patients be legally allowed to have help in this endeavor? If suicide itself is not morally wrong, at least in cases like these, is it wrong for another person to directly help bring about the patient’s death? Is it wrong for doctors, a role we naturally associate with healing and the promotion of life, to use their medical expertise to deliberately end a patient’s life if the patient wants this?   Demonstration of Proficiency By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria: ·       Competency 1: Articulate ethical issues in health care. o   Articulate the moral issues associated with limiting life support. ·       Competency 2: Apply sound ethical thinking related to a health care issue. o   Demonstrate sound ethical thinking and relevant ethical principles when considering limiting life support. o   Explain important considerations that arise when contemplating limiting life support. ·       Competency 5: Communicate in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and respectful of the diversity, dignity, and integrity of others and is consistent with health care professionals. o   Exhibit proficiency in clear and effective academic writing skills. Preparation ·       Case Study: Mr. Martinez.   Mr. Martinez was a seventy-five-year-old chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient. He was in the hospital because of an upper respiratory tract infection. He and his wife had requested that CPR not be performed should he require it. A DNR order was written in the charts. In his room on the third floor, he was being maintained with antibiotics, fluids, and oxygen and seemed to be doing better. However, Mr. Martinez’s oxygen was inadvertently turned up, and this caused him to go into respiratory failure. When found by the therapist, he was in terrible distress and lay gasping in his bed.   This media piece provides the context for this assessment; make sure you have reviewed the case study thoroughly. Additionally, it may be useful to think through the following issues as they relate to Mr. Martinez’s case: ·       Should Mr. Martinez be transferred to intensive care, where his respiratory failure can be treated by a ventilator, and by CPR if necessary, and his oxygen level can be monitored? o   What are the key ethical issues or models at play in this case study? o   What are the key end-of-life issues at play in this case study? o   How can an understanding of models and best-practice help to guide health care practitioners to make ethical and legal decisions? Instructions In a 2–3 page analysis of the case study, address the following: ·       The patient’s directives. ·       The patient’s quality of life. ·       The family’s stated preferences. ·       The moral issues associated with limiting life support. ·       The ethical principles most relevant to reaching an ethically sound decision. ·       Important considerations such as implications, justifications, and any conflicts of interest that might arise because of the patient’s respiratory failure. When writing your assessment submission assume that doctors cannot contact Mrs. Martinez and must make this choice on their own. To help you reach an objective, ethically sound decision, draw upon concepts and arguments from the suggested resources or your independent research. Support your response with clear, concise, and correct examples, weaving and citing the readings and media throughout your answer. Submission Requirements ·       Written communication: Written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message. ·       APA formatting: Resources and citations are formatted according to current APA style and formatting guidelines. ·       Length: 2–3 typed, double-spaced pages. ·       Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.

Directions: After watching Sandel’s lecture, respond to the following questions.    Watch: Michael Sandel “Are There Some Things Money Shouldn’t be Able to Buy?”   COMPLETE: Response Questions    1. Can you add to Sandel’s list of examples of things that money can/can’t buy? On what grounds would you support that claim?   2. Can you identify things in your own life that can be divided into things money can/can’t buy? 3. Are there some things that shouldn’t be done, no matter how positive the consequences might seem? For example? Why?   4. Are there some cases where people really aren’t completely free to “withhold consent”, e.g., selling a kidney to keep food on the table?   5. Recall an instance where you’ve done the wrong thing. What was your reasoning? Did it reflect any of the concepts listed in your text?

This assignment will give you the opportunity to choose an article and then write about the ethical implications and the impact of the events that are described. Read and reflect on ONE of the following articles. https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/usa-bodies-funeral/ https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/feb/18/matthewengel https://www.change.org/p/bellefonte-change-bellefonte-high-school-mascot?utm_source=share_petition&utm_medium=custom_url&recruited_by_id=f78fcc10-d965-11e7-b90c-2fe396dd86c1 https://theconversation.com/almonds-dont-lactate-but-thats-no-reason-to-start-calling-almond-milk-juice-121306 Write a paper in which you: Analyze the following questions associated with your chosen article and discuss them using concepts you learned in this course. What ideals, effects, and consequences are at stake? Have any moral rights been violated? What would a Utilitarian recommend? What would a Kantian recommend? Explain your rationale for each of your answers to your chosen article with supporting evidence. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: This course requires use of Strayer Writing Standards (SWS) . The format is different than other Strayer University courses. Please take a moment to review the SWS documentation for details. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are: Determine the considerations for and process of ethical business decision making to balance corporate and social responsibilities and address moral, economic, and legal concerns. Analyze selected business situations using the predominant ethical theories, such as utilitarian, Kantian, and virtue ethics to guide ethical business decision making. Determine the implications and impact of various civil liberty laws in the workplace, such as hiring, promotion, discipline, discharge, and wage discrimination. Use technology and information resources to research issues in business ethics. Write clearly and concisely about business ethics using proper writing mechanics.