Finance

Module: International Banking and Finance Law Title: Bank non-performing loans (NPLs) require intrusive monitoring tools: effective corporate governance is crucial in dealing with the deterioration of loans however, perverse incentives to delay their recognition leave the process at risk. Critically discuss. Maximum Length: 17 pages 

All the instructions for the essay are clearly explained in the attached file. The essay has to be done on question 2 of the attached file. (Discuss ongoing and emerging opportunities for a country of choice (either EU or Mercosur country) in terms of trade creation and in terms of trade substitution. Again, make sure to reference adequately any source you are using for your report.)

Module 3 CAFR Discussion (Weeks 5 and 6) We’ll continue using the 2020 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR) from the City of New York for the discussions this term.  You may view online without downloading as it is a bit lengthy. The link is: https://comptroller.nyc.gov/reports/comprehensive-annual-financial-reports/ (Links to an external site.) Each week (other than the final week of the course), you  will be working on an assignment related to this report. This will help you with a “big picture” of the end product reporting for state and local government entities. For the first week of the module you will access the report and complete the questions assigned. The first week portion of the assignment is to be approximately 350 words in order to demonstrate concept mastery. The second week of the module you are to post 2 replies to other students. The reply posts are to add further new value to the discussion using analysis, new information, added research, etc. For this module discussion, please access your textbook and answer Exercise 3-15 questions relating to the City of New York CAFR for 2020. . For this discussion the initial posts are due for everyone by Sunday of the first week the discussion is available. The reply posts will be due the second week.

Review the financials of the organization Plug Power in Yahoo! Finance and the SEC EDGAR database in the Filings & Forms (Links to an external site.) page. You can access the financials by going to the Yahoo! Finance website, typing in the stock symbol of your organization, and then clicking on the Financials tab. After you have read the chapter, you will continue with analyzing the financial health of the company. In other words, using the ratios provided by Robinson, Henry, Pirie, and Broihahn (2015), you will continue building a comprehensive financial statement analysis of your company. In your paper, Calculate the following ratios: Price to earnings (P/E) Price to cash flow (P/CF) Price to sales (P/S) Price to book value (P/BV) EBIT interest coverage EBITDA interest coverage Return on capital Evaluate the company’s equity and credit based on the ratios calculated above. Identify three commonly used industry specific ratios, according to your research. Recommend three areas that the company could improve in order to strengthen its financial position based on the ratios calculated above. The Financial Analysis Techniques paper Must be three to four double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references page) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center’s APA Style (Links to an external site.) guide.

4 sources has to be about the lack of financial literacy in around the world. One is from rich dad poor dad.

This assignment will require you to analyze time series of monthly returns for different securities. [5 points] 1) Select three companies as follows from Yahoo! Finance website (https://finance.yahoo.com/): a) S&P 500 (ticker=^GSPC) b) Pick Company 1, a company of your choice and note the “Sector” and “Industry” to which it belongs. Hint: Go to Yahoo! Finance website, enter the ticker symbol under Quote Lookup. Then, click on “Profile” to check the sector/industry it belongs to). c) Pick Company 2 that belongs to a different sector or industry than Company 1. d) Enter the name of the two companies you selected, along with their ticker symbol and sectors, under “Mini-case 1 (State names of selected companies)” Forum. If someone else has already posted your companies then you need to pick another set of companies. Please note that, if you pick companies that have already been selected by one of your colleagues, you will receive a grade of zero for subsequent analyses in this Mini-case. [5 points] 2) Download the MONTHLY price data for the 01/01/2016 – 12/31/2020 period for the three securities. Instructions on how to download price data from Yahoo! Finance website: i. Go to Yahoo! Finance website, enter the security’s ticker symbol in “Quote Lookup” box. Then, click on “Historical Data”. Enter “Time Period” as given above. For “Frequency”, make sure Monthly is selected and then click on “Apply”. Click on “Download Data”. A ticker.csv file will be downloaded. ii. Save your file as a .xls or .xlsx file before you start anything – very important step! Comma delimited (.csv) files do not retain the formulae and cell references after closing the file. You will receive a grade of zero if your excel file does not contain cell references and formulae that show how you arrived at the various answers. iii. You only need the “Date” and “Adj Close” columns. Copy over the “Date” and “Adj Close” columns of the three securities into a single excel so you can do the analysis. (Note: the “Adj Close” column in Yahoo! Finance has already adjusted the prices for dividends and stock splits so you do not have to adjust for it again. [20 points] 3) Calculate the MONTHLY return data for the 01/01/2016 – 12/31/2020 period for the selected three securities. Note: Return for Month 2 = (Adj Close for Month 2/Adj Close for Month 1) – 1 [7 points] 4) Calculate the average arithmetic monthly return, variance, and standard deviation of returns for 01/01/2016 – 12/31/2020 period for the selected three securities. FIN 5130 Mini-case 1 Real-world Application: Risk and Return Dr. Darshana Palkar Page 2 of 2 [8 points] 5) Calculate the covariance and correlation of returns between Company A and Company B for the 01/01/2016 – 12/31/2020 period. What does the correlation indicate? [15 points] 6) Calculate the stock betas for Company A and Company B for the 01/01/2016 –12/31/2020 period. What do the betas indicate? Hint: What is a proxy for the market portfolio? What should go in the known-xs array and what should go in the known-ys array? [25 points] 7) Suppose you invest 50% in Company A and 50% in Company B. What is your portfolio average return and standard deviation? [15 points] 8) Compare the average return and standard deviation of Company A and Company B from #4 with the portfolio average return and standard deviation from #7. What do you observe? What can you conclude from your findings?

Part 1 is not the correct assignment.  For Part 2 you will need to take Gross Profit/COGS to get the % markup to compare to Part 2b.  For Part 3, you will need to take Total Liabilities/Total Assets to get the % capital structure to compare to Part 3b.  If the % capital structure is greater than the 50% given in part b, the company would be more leveraged than the average. MT217M1: Explain how financial managers use financial calculators, Microsoft Excel, and financial statements to measure the financial performance of a business entity. PC-1.1: Engage in a team setting with professional integrity and respect. Understanding the classification and definitions of financial statement accounts is a fundamental requirement in assessing business management. Assessment of financial data provides the quantitative measures allowing managers to use past and present data to make effective decisions. Directions In Part 1 of this Assessment, you will define and classify accounts into an Income Statement or Balance Sheet. In Parts 2 and 3 you will assume the role of a financial manager who has been tasked to report to senior management in an upcoming finance meeting. Senior management is particularly interested in learning the performance of the company in two particular areas. The first focus of your discussion with management, Part 2 of this Assessment, relates to the markup on Cost of Goods Sold (COGS). The second focus of your discussion with management, Part 3 of this Assessment, relates to capital structure. Part 1 To properly measure financial statements managers must know account definitions and classifications. Using the accounts below, define each and classify each as an Income Statement or Balance Sheet account. 1. Cash 2. Notes payable/Short term debt 3. Inventory 4. Property, plant, and equipment 5. Long term note-debt  6. Stockholder’s equity 7. Interest and taxes 8. Sales 9. Cost of Goods Sold 10. Selling and general administrative expenses 11. Gross profit 12. Earnings before interest and taxes  13. Net income 14. Accounts receivable15. Accounts payable Before you move on to Part 2 and Part 3 below, you must first complete the following Excel Spreadsheet. You must complete the Income Statement tab and the Balance Sheet tab. Then, answer the following questions in Part 2 and Part 3 below. Part 2 After completing the Income Statement, you should be able to measure a company’s COGS and its effect on the Gross Profit Margin (GPM). Based on your assessment of the firm’s Income Statement, you are to report to senior management on these key components: a. What is the markup on COGS? b. Compare this company’s markup to a COGS Industry Standard of 70%. What is the result? c. Explain how the difference in this company’s markup and industry markup rates affect profitability, or levels of the GPM? Part 3 After completing the Balance Sheet in the Excel Spreadsheet hyperlinked above, you should be able to measure a company’s capital structure. Based on your assessment of the firm’s Balance Sheet, you are to report to senior management on these key components: a. What is the nature of this company’s capital structure? Include percentages in your commentary? b. Compare this capitalization structure percent to an industry standard of 50%. What is the result? c. To what extent is this company ‘leveraged’? Minimum Submission Requirements

Using the analysis of the financial statements for a this well-known information technology company from the Unit 1 Individual Project, complete the following: Further analyze the financial ratios and trend analysis to evaluate and make management decisions. Develop a business decision that evaluates a growth or improvement opportunity for the company. Using analysis, determine whether it should be accepted or rejected by the organization. Prepare a strategic plan to the board of directors of the company that includes analysis of financial information and recommendations for increased profitability. As part of your analysis, be sure to evaluate risks and opportunities as well as alternatives to the proposed plan.

Prior to beginning work on this assignment, carefully review Chapter 3 in the text and review the financials contained in the 10-K and 10-Q of PLUG POWER this week from the SEC EDGAR database( https://www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml )in the Filings & Forms (Links to an external site.) page. In particular, read the notes to the audited financial statements included in the 10-K, which will describe accounting policies and standards of the reported financials. Financial reporting standards are useful in the evaluation of any organization. Following standards will allow the comparison of organizations within the same industry. Using your chosen company, provide a critical analysis of the financial reporting methodology your company uses. In your paper, COMPANY NAME: PLUG POWER Describe the financial reporting framework that your chosen company utilizes. Assess your company’s financial report, based on the qualitative characteristics of Financial Reports as outlined in Chapter 3, on the following criteria: Relevance Faithful representation Comparability Verifiability Timeliness Understandability Assess your company’s financial report, based on the characteristics of an effective financial reporting framework as outlined in Chapter 3, on the following criteria: Transparency Comprehensiveness Consistency Review the Notes section of the annual report for company disclosures that might be material. Consider the following: Describe the policies that have been reported. Explain how the policies have significance in the financial statements or how they do not. The Financial Reporting Standards paper Must be three to four double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references page) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center’s APA Style (Links to an external site.) guide. Must include a separate title page with the following: Title of paper Student’s name Course name and number Instructor’s name Date submitted

Please respond to each question, please do not go over the word count. What is the primary goal a publicly-traded corporation should pursue and why? What ethical conflicts could result from exclusively focusing on this goal? What is governance? How does it help ensure managers are aligned with shareholder goals? Support your position with at least one biblical principle with a specific Bible verse that you feel is relevant to the situation (explain how and why it applies).