History

Discuss the cultural, geographic, and political reasons for the rise of the polis. What were the major differences in the way Athenian and Spartan society was organized? Did such differences make war between these states inevitable? What were the causes, course, and consequences of the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC) on Greek society? Briefly explain how the events of the 4th Century B.C.E. Greek world allow the Kingdom of Makedonia to gain influence and power over Greece. If you have time and space, and did not answer this in your Discussion (one paragraph): Was Alexander the Great a visionary of globalization or a brutal, bloody conqueror?

Read pgs. 481-489. Answer the following questions in 2-3 paragraphs and comment on at least two of your peers’ posts:How would you describe the core values of Mongol culture? In what ways do the sources deriving from outside the Mongol world affirm or challenge the Mongols’ own view of themselves?

Essay Prompt on Alfred Young’s The Shoemaker and the Tea PartyHistorian Alfred Young claims that popular protests like the Boston Tea Party and popular protesters like George Robert Twelves Hewes did not “enter history” until the 1820s and 1830s, nearly half a century after the Revolution itself was over.Address the following questions:1) In what ways, according to Young, was the memory of the popular, radical side of the Revolution erased from public memory during the period from 1783-1825?2) Why, according to Young, was this side of the Revolution “tamed?” Who benefitted?3) Why did the Tea Party and men like George Robert Twelves Hewes suddenly re-emerge as part of public memory in the mid-1830s?

Approx. 1,000-wordsWrite a brief summary of the Unit, including the following:• The Great Migration, US• Johannesburg migration, case study, music• Chinese migration, floating population, hukou system• Comparison between the 3 above cases• Underemployment• Service jobs/economy• Precariat• Double movement• Labor movement: European, US, relation to cities• Creative class, critique of• Mobility, micromobility, traffic, trotro• Crime: root causes, relation to inequality, labor, and migration• Attach completed 13th viewing guideMust include 1 citation from each:• Wilkerson• Zhang• Erlmann• Elliot• Webster and Bhowmik• Ewers• Wainwright• HartInclude bibliographyExtra CreditWatch the film: Amandla: A Revolution in Four-Part HarmonyWrite a 1000-word essay, summarizing and reflecting on the film; what role did cities and urban space play in apartheid and the anti-apartheid movement? Include discussion of how urban music and migration played into these experiences. (100 points max)

From the book “George Washington and the American Military Tradition”. Write an essay that captures Don Higginbotham’s arguments. At the time of his appointment, how well prepared was Washington to serve as the Continental commander? What in his pre-Revolutionary War career suggested that he was either a good or bad choice? Once he assumed command, how well did he perform, and does he deserve to be considered an important military figure in American history?

Please answer each of the following questions in approximately 250 words.  Be specific and support your answers with class readings and materials for all questions.  Please upload your google doc link here for comments and feedback. (Be sure to share the link with me). 1. What are invented traditions? Why and how did they flourish during colonization?2. What are some of the common historical misrepresentations of Africa/Africans we have discussed in class?  3. Why have anthropologists and historians critiqued the concept of tribe in Africa? How does Vail explain the massive concern over tribe and ethnicity in the 50’s and 60’s? What is tribalism and how might it inform contemporary politics on the continent? (Support this last question by looking up a contemporary news article from the continent- please cite the article in your response).4. What is Kanju? Why is it important? 5. Describe two African responses (either intellectual or practical) to colonization or the legacy of colonialism discussed in class. 

Explain what Myths and Legends are. Explain why were Myths and legends important during the medieval era. State what the most popular Myths and legends during the medieval era. Explain how were Myths and legends created in the medieval era. Answer if Norse mythology was believed in the medieval era.

Answer both questions using the materials I provided. Take direct quotes from the exceprt, and use them in your essay. Make sure you cite properly using quotations.1. How did the Supreme Court resolve the dispute between the exercise of direct action efforts by Civil Rights Activists and efforts by state governments to enforce breach of the peace statutes?  (Mention at least one case in your response.)2. Describe the relationship between Cooper v. Aaron related and Brown v. Board of Education.

Read this chapter from the book and use it as a source you need three strong points from the readingWrite a one page paper Discussing  the important role African American women played in the fight for women’s suffrage.How did their motivations differ from those of white women?Analyze Terborg-Penn’s endnotes. What primary sources does she use and how might they be helpful to your topic? Explain.

For this discussion please read the following:  “What is Ethnohistory?” and Suny – “Back and Beyond: Reversing the Cultural Turn?” –> both of these pieces will give you an excellent introduction to the emergence of the New Cultural History.  Then, turn to the example of the New Cultural History as used by a historian –> Clendinnen: “Yucatec Maya Women and the Spanish Conquest – Role and Ritual in Historical Reconstruction”. Also review the link in the Week 4 introduction to the Pittock Mansion (in Portland, Oregon) to see an example of the Social History approach used in a museum setting.As many of you are starting to realize, getting at the historical experiences of non-elites is essential for a fuller understanding of the historical past.  This week we look at a new approach that sought to illustrate the historical experience of the “common person” – the Cultural History approach (but keep in mind that you can also use the Cultural History approach to look at elites).As you think about these approaches, consider the following questions; address them in your initial post this week:1. What is the Cultural History approach about?  Look to Suny and “What is Ethnohistory?”. How does the inclusion of anthropological approaches help the historian understand “culture” better? (look to his discussion if Clifford Geertz). What sort of historical topics would the Cultural History approach help us better understand?2. According to Suny, what are some of the challenges of this approach?3. How did Inga Clendinnen use the Cultural History approach in her examination of Mayan women?What did the Cultural History approach explain that more materialist/structural approaches might have missed in an examination of Mayan women? Note:  one thing you should think about with her piece is how can she talk about the experiences of Mayan women during the colonial period, when they themselves did not leave much in terms of primary sources about their lives?  This addresses earlier concerns many of you had about the scarcity of sources left by non-elites – what are the sources Clendinnen uses, and how does she “read” these sources to understand the historical experience of Mayan women?  As you read this piece, look closely at the footnotes -where do her sources come from?4. What is the Social History approach about and how is it different from the Cultural History approach? How is it used by the curators at the Pittock Mansion to show visitors what the material conditions of life were like for the wealthy in Portland in the late 1800s?Post your initial post here. Then come back and respond to at least two more of your peers’ initial posts along with any questions addressed to you. Please ask lots of questions in this discussion, especially if things remain fuzzy for you.