Philosophy

You are to provide a thoughtful and engaged response to the topic below which demonstrates an understanding of the debate at hand. Within your response, you must demonstrate your understanding of the key issues and arguments of Arneson, Sen, Nozick, and Rawls. Your paper MUST have a thesis and a successful paper will provide supporting arguments. ZERO PERCENT PLAGIARISM! Question to Answer: If it is agreed that every society ought to promote equality at some level, then equality of what? In making your case for the importance of promoting equality in some specific space, be sure to explain the different options we have studied: equal treatment of each individual’s gains and losses of utility, equality of resources, equality of welfare understood as preference satisfaction, equal opportunity for welfare, equal capabilities, and equality of basic liberties. Why is the version of equality that you favor superior to the alternatives? How is your favored notion of equality able to withstand the criticisms posed by the alternative positions?

What is dualism?  (1-2 sentences) What is physicalism?  (1-2 sentences) Explain ONE of the arguments for dualism or physicalism that we discussed in class: the Mary argument, the Princess Elizabeth argument, OR the what-it’s-made-of argument (not all three).  Hint: be clear about what the argument you choose is an argument for – dualism or physicalism.  (100-300 words  What is determinism?  (1-2 sentences) If determinism is true, how does that undermine the possibility of free will?  (100-250 words) Note: I do not expect you to talk about compatibilism – we did not get a chance to cover that in sufficient detail DOESNT HAVE TO BE FANCY more references 

The goal of this assignment is to demonstrate that you can use aesthetic principles in your own reasoning, and to look at an object in a new, perhaps more open-minded, way. Ideally you should learn something about what you value, and gain some insight into how others might perceive the world a bit differently. First, find an object THAT YOU HAVE PHYSICALLY ENCOUNTERED (do not use things from online) that you do not normally consider art, or even aesthetically valuable. You may have encountered this item in a normal daily setting, or in a museum, art store, or other venue. Examine the object for a while, and then write out a brief description of the object (if necessary, take a picture of the object and include that with your assignment, pasting the picture into the submission text box.). Second, indicate (in approximately one or two paragraphs) why you normally would not consider the object art or aesthetically valuable. You should include what your original definition of art is (what do you normally consider art, and why), and you should clearly explain why this object does not meet your preconceived notions about art. Next, try to examine the object in a new way, using the principles of aesthetic reasoning (either functionalist or formalist, but not both). Give an argument, which integrates facts about the object and the aesthetic principles, for why someone could consider the object art or aesthetically valuable. The aesthetic principles you use must be true of the object. You must choose to use either functionalist principles or formalism, but NOT BOTH since functionalism and formalism are incompatible. YOU CANNOT USE, OR EVEN MENTION, THE LAST PRINCIPLE ABOUT “NO ARGUMENT CAN BE GIVEN TO ESTABLISH AESTHETIC VALUE” (since the assignment REQUIRES YOU TO PROVIDE AN ARGUMENT, this last principle is not compatible with the assignment). The more reasoning and depth to your analysis, the better. You should submit an essay of 1000 to 2000 words in order to ensure you have developed your ideas adequately. Don’t forget to include your in-text citations and a Works cited section at the end of your essay.

Topic: Explain/discuss Nietzsche’s distinction between ‘master and slave morality’, and how it relates to his critique of traditional morality? Do you find it convincing? Why or why not?

Please answer all the questions below 400 words for each of the question and please put the reference below each question so i can be able to know easily. 1. Based on the course lecture and readings, explain and assess Heloise’s reasons for not wanting to marry Abelard.   2. Describe the types of imperfect friendship Aristotle identifies in his book Nicomachean Ethics. Contrast these types with what he calls perfect friendship and explain why he considers the latter to be the finest type of friendship.   3. Nygren analyzes and compares eros (Greek) and agape (Christian) love. Explain his account, highlight the differences between these two types of love, and indicate whether you think Nygren’s account is satisfactory based on your own reading of Greek and Christian texts.

A majority of Americans support passing new gun control legislation, according to a new Gallup poll released on Thursday—marking the first time a majority of those surveyed has expressed such a view since Gallup started tracking the issue in 2000.  The poll—taken in the month between the deadly mass shootings in Las Vegas on Oct. 1 and in Sutherland Springs, Texas, on Nov. 5—found that 51 percent of Americans were in favor of increased gun legislation.  Mass shootings often increase support for gun control laws to deter such violence. But how likely is it that gun regulations will prevent mass shootings? Is the government morally obligated to find out what policies can and cannot prevent these shootings? Do citizens have a duty to press the government for action? Answer the question you chose in a response that is a minimum of 1-2 paragraphs. Be sure to explain your answers and give reasons for your views.

What should feminist philosophy look like? Note, you are not writing an exhaustive and comprehensive account of feminist philosophy. Remember you must make a highly specific thesis using this broad topic. e.g. I will argue that feminist philosophy should adopt a culture of praxis rather than a culture of justification; I will argue that philosophical analysis should include assessment of the images in philosophical texts because… [and then you would have to find a way of ensuring you bring out what this has to do with feminism]; or I will argue that feminism and philosophy are inherently in tension because … [you can thus turn the ‘should’ clause into an ‘is’ but then make sure your claim is conceptual rather than empirical].   Further Guidance: Word range between 1300-1700 words (excluding the bibliography/reference list). Do NOT exceed the word limit. Your paper must be structured around a central thesis and your own argument for that thesis. Everything you write should contribute to the thesis in some way – e.g. state the thesis, clarify the thesis, support the thesis, etc. If anything, even a single sentence, does not contribute to the thesis, and to helping the reader understand the thesis, then it is probably irrelevant! The thesis should be precise. Don’t make vague and overly broad claims. And the thesis should be a claim over which there can be reasonable disagreement. E.g. “sexism in philosophy is morally troubling” is too broad a claim and reasonable people are unlikely to disagree (especially since it is tautological). Please include an introduction, main body and conclusion for your paper. In the introduction you must clearly state your central thesis and provide a statement of your reasons for the thesis. You should also provide the reader with an organizational plan, e.g. “first, I will show…”. The primary purpose of the main body is to supply your argument for the central thesis; in other words, to use a logical argument to show your reader why they should accept your thesis. You could also identify and respond to an objection to/concern with your thesis, particularly if there is an obvious criticism of it. The conclusion should provide a brief summary of what you have argued. Use at least one the following sources of literature that we have studied in class as part of building your argument: Bierria, Beauvoir, Bartky, Butler, Bettcher, Le Doeuff, Crenshaw, Nash, Haraway, Collins, Alcoff, Moulton, Dotson, Young, Ahmed, Magubane, Mohanty, and Diamond. You are welcome to use more than one source, and other sources, and in all likelihood, you should use more than one for your argument, but you must use at least one of these. NOTE: if you only use one source it should NOT be the source you used for your expository essay. Although you should use literature from class to support your view, remember, that your paper should be centered around your argument and it should not simply be a summary of someone else’s argument. However, you must engage in-depth with the text/s that you choose to write about and show the reader that you have a detailed and sophisticated understanding and assessment of the text. The paper should be written in such a way that someone who has not taken a course on feminism should be able to understand your thesis and follow your argument. This means that any jargon needs to be defined/explained and so do any important philosophical or feminist concepts that may not be obvious to a general reader, e.g. ‘the social construction of gender’, ‘intersectionality’ or ‘agency’. Furthermore, you should show your mastery of the course material by demonstrating your recognition of important debates and contested concepts in feminism. So, e.g., don’t simply employ a distinction between biological sex and social gender without explaining it, even briefly, and showing recognition that it is contested in feminism. There is a fine balance here – the word count is very limited so don’t waste time using and explaining concepts/distinctions unless it is necessary to your argument to do so.     Please also ensure that your paper has a descriptive title, citations, and a bibliography, if needed (if you are unsure how to cite use the Harvard Style Citation Guide under the first module of the course). Remember you need citations even if you are only paraphrasing (not just for direct quotes)! You also need citations to refer to empirical studies or claims, and you need citations when referring to other people’s ideas and arguments, even in general. I upload 3 reading, they should be used in essay. No outside source needed, please.  Also please use this link as the fourth reading:https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/de-beauvoir/2nd-sex/introduction.htm

University Believes that DIVERSITY is an important part of academic excellence and that is essential to living core values. Describe the benefits of diversity and inclusion for you personally and for the University campus community.

Suzuki – Introduction to Zen Buddhism. Discuss how Suzuki’s practice of Zen explains what guidance it offers those seeking wisdom of how to live and die well.

You will be writing a paper that will encapsulate your ‘Philosophy of Life’.  10 page paper in the following way.  You will break it into four sections, and write 2-3 pages, giving your opinion on each of the following subjects a) Metaphysics, b) Ethics, c) Religion and d) Epistemology.   For each subject, you will explain your own point of view, how it relates to the various theories, and what responses you would give to the counter-arguments to that point of view