Religion and Theology

Outline (please work around this outline. you don’t have to follow it chronologically. you can also include somethings and remove somethings, but make as few changes as possible) (I). Introduction: Hook: Wearing clothes is a big component of our lives. It is something we don’t even think about when we are doing. Everyone wears clothes and anyone who doesn’t is labeled insane; Something everyone agrees upon. This practice stemmed from ancient times, as a way for humans to protect themselves from the harsh winters and harsh summers. When we think of early humans, pictures of naked people covered with leaves and animal skins come to mind. Something that was worn as a necessity/protection is, today, combined with a different sense of style. 1. Clothing and Meaning (I). Clothing and symbolic meaning. A. Humans and clothing (brief history). B. Categories and types. (II). Form of expression in our identity A. How do we use clothes to express our identity? B. Which clothes are conducive to identity expression. A. Clothing in Christianity. B. Clothing in Islam. C. The practice of Veiling (women). (III). Thesis Statement. A. Christian women have been covering their heads while praying, when in church, or when in public. Veiling was a form of modesty and a way of showing humility to God, adapted by Judaism, Islam, and Christianity in ancient times. This paper will analyze the practice of veiling, covering the head and face, in ancient Christianity. I will analyze how the custom is perceived today, and how it is interpreted in XXI century Western culture as seen in the ethnic attacks toward Islamic women in France, Sri Lanka, etc. (II). Body 1. The practice of veiling (as a comparison). (I). In Judaism. A. The form of veiling practiced in Judaism. B. Its significance? C. Scriptural evidence? Whether it is a cultural practice or Religious practice, prescribed by God. (II). In Islam. A. The form of veiling practiced in Islam. B. Its significance? C. Scriptural evidence? Whether it is a cultural practice or Religious practice, prescribed by God. 2. The practice of veiling in Christianity. (I). Who did the veiling A. In terms of social class? B. The type of veiling practiced in Christianity. C. Its significance? D. Scriptural evidence? Whether it is a cultural practice or Religious practice, prescribed by God. 3. Perception of veiling today. (I). The shift from veiling, in Christianity. A. The spread of Christianity, Geographically. B. Different cultures having different clothing customs. (II) The industrial boom/ The effects modernization had on clothing. A. The rise of the design and fashion industry B. The rise of advertisement. C. How advertisements are used to influence people, (clothing style). D. How this advertisement of big fashion companies has persuaded women away from veiling (as a way of encouraging them to flaunt their beauty). 4. How veiling is viewed today. 1. The negative connotation that is associated with veiling. A. Who still practices? (Nuns wear a habit, as a way of devotion and a display of the unimportance of fashion, how some Orthodox Jewish women wear a wig or a handkerchief because of their faith, how Muslim women wear hijab or burqa as a form of modesty, to highlight how the practice of veiling had continued. B. Veiling as a symbol today (oppression). C. Countries that ban veiling and the reasons why? D. Countries that require women to veil. E. How the media depicts depict women who chose to veil oppressed and the victims of extreme patriarchal practices. (III). Counterargument 1. Was veiling a cultural practice or religious practice, in early Christianity. (I). Paul’s Letters A. How it is perceived? From a religious point of view and a feministic point of view? (the argument). (IV). Conclusion. Bringing together all the points I have made and reiterating the significance of veiling in early Christianity, in terms of the question of whether the practice was cultural or religiously prescribed, the cause of the shift from the veiling practice, and how veiling is viewed today. The annotated Bibliography (make sure to use some of these sources and also include new ones) Crane, Diana, and Laura Bovone. 2006. “Approaches to Material Culture: The Sociology of Fashion and Clothing.” Poetics 34 (6): 319–33. doi:10.1016/j.poetic.2006.10.002. The article is a study of material culture in terms of fashionable clothing. The authors analyze the symbolic value of clothing. The five ways this analysis is done is: “ (1) analyses of material culture as a type of text that expresses symbols and contributes to discourses and to cultural repertoires; (2) analyses of systems of cultural production in which symbolic values are attributed to material culture through the collective activities of members of culture worlds; (3) analyses of the communication of symbolic values associated with items of material culture and the processes whereby these meanings are disseminated to consumers through the media; (4) analyses of the attribution of symbolic values to material culture by consumers and of their responses to symbolic values attributed to material culture by producers of material culture or in other ways; (5) cross-national studies of symbolic values expressed in material goods and of the systems that produce them in order to reveal differences in the types of symbolic values attributed to material culture in different countries and regions.” The authors explore through the analysis the cultural, social, and organizational factors that influence the creation of the fashion world. Ross, Robert. 2008. “Clothing: A Global History.” Polity, 074563186X, 9780745631868. The book looks into the symbols associated with clothing and the message it bears. It analyzes what causes many countries, in the terms of men and women, today to dress very similarly, with a focal point of what had caused this similarity. The author then proceeds to explore the reason why certain places in the world don’t dress as similar to other places. The unique way they dress is what sets them apart and how their beliefs and cultures influence that. The book first investigates western dressing and the cultural influence at different time periods. And besides culture influence, how clothing has been a political act whether as a form of rebellion, personal choice, or as a form of identity. “Dress, Religion, Identity.” 2010. Material Religion 6 (3): 371. doi:10.2752/175183410X12862096296883. This article is an overview of the “languages of clothes” a book by Alison loan E. It discusses how clothing is a form of communication; How clothes contain both a political and social stand with a deep connection to religion and identity. this article brings to light many debates occurring based on the way people dress, such as the ban of head covering in France, the ban against wearing Christian crosses in primary schools in the USA, etc. And how these forms of expression are viewed as symbols. Loewenthal, Kate Miriam, and Lamis S. Solaim. 2016. “Religious Identity, Challenge, and Clothing: Women’s Head and Hair Covering in Islam and Judaism.” Journal of Empirical Theology 29 (2): 160–70. doi:10.1163/15709256-12341344. This is research intended to examine the issues of women head covering in Islam and Judaism. It examines the relations between clothing and the development and expression of religious identity. The paper gives a background history of the religious rulings about women’s head covering in Judaism and Islam; Then, proceeds to analyze the significance of head covering in both religion in terms of identity development. It highlights the significant role clothing plays in the expression of religious identity and focuses on issues surrounding dress code for Muslims and Jewish women. Ten practicing Muslim and Jewish women are used as subjects in this research. Galadari, Abdulla. “Behind the Veil: Inner Meanings of Women’s Islamic Dress Code.” International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences 6, no. 11 (December 2012): 115–25. https://login.berea.idm.oclc.org/login?qurl=http://search.ebscohost.com%2flogin.aspx%3fdirect%3dtrue%26db%3da9h%26AN%3d91821689%26site%3dehost-live. This article examines the Islamic dress code for women. It investigates how the debates that are surrounding this dress code, especially “the veil” worn by Muslim women. It highlights how the veil is a way of obeying God’s command through physical portrayal. The “hijab” or “veil” as it is described is a headscarf or a covering that Muslim women wear. There are different types of coverage in the Islamic world, from burqa to hijab. The paper begins first by defining the veil; it expresses the reason for wearing “the veil” on religious ground. It shows how it has a deeper spiritual meaning than what societal norms and different cultures display it to be in the physical realm. The article investigates what parts of the dressing codes are religiously prescribed and what part is culturally influenced. It also looks at how this dress code is seen as a form of oppression/repression. TARIQ, TAHMINA. 2013. “Let Modesty Be Her Raiment: The Classical Context of Ancient-Christian Veiling.” Implicit Religion 16 (4): 493–506. doi:10.1558/imre.v16i4.493. The article offers an overview of ancient Christian veiling, how veiling was used when participating in religious sources, Paul letters about veiling, and how men veiled as well. It first discusses the context in which veiling was practiced in the Greco-Roman world; how the ideal place for women was home, where she would be away from the public space of men and their gaze. Out of the house, the veil symbolized a form of protection. The article proceeds to discuss how social status influenced clothing; the veiling at first was only worn by the wealthy because the clothing was a form of displaying social status. Peasants and slaves were identified as inferior and could not veil; the main reason for veiling was that the male gaze wouldn’t fall upon a women’s body to avoid him from pressuring that image in his mind and recalling it through sexual fantasies, which will belittle the women’s honor. Women from lower caste honor were not regarded. The article also offers examples of how veiling was used as a form of modesty and honor, that women safeguarded. Wilkinson, Kate. 2013. “Early Christian Dress: Gender, Virtue, and Authority.” Church History 82 (1): 168–70. doi:10.1017/S0009640712002569. The article is a review of the book “Early Christian Dress: Gender, Virtue, and Authority” by Kristi Upson-Saia. The article explores the construction of gender in Christian late antiquity and how Christians adapted Roman rhetoric about the dress. It discusses how many texts in terms of women’s clothing are constructed by males and how it is a representation of their own construction of femininity, rather than the real lives and subjective of early Christian women. Martin, Troy W. 2004. “Paul’s Argument from Nature for the Veil in 1 Corinthians 11:13-15: A Testicle Instead of a Head Covering.” Journal of Biblical Literature 123 (1): 75–84. doi:10.2307/3268550. This article gives an analysis of the New Testament Biblical passage of 1 Corinthians 11:2-16, calling for the veiling of women in public worship. The article discusses the confusion Paul’s argument causes for many women, especially feminists. The author emphasizes how the teachings are male-gender enforced. Pazhoohi, Farid, Antonio F. Macedo, and Joana Arantes. 2017. “The Effect of Religious Clothing on Gaze Behavior: An Eye-Tracking Experiment.” Basic & Applied Social Psychology 39 (3): 176–82. doi:10.1080/01973533.2017.1307748. This is an eye-tracking experimental study regarding religious clothing. The study investigates whether the role of conservative dressing is to restrict the male gaze and whether or not it decreases female physical attractiveness. The results were discussed in terms of the roles of conservative clothing in women’s clothing choice, men’s mate retention tactics, and parent-offspring conflict over mate choice. Wilhelm, Leonie, Andrea S. Hartmann, Manuel Waldorf, Silja Vocks, Julia C. Becker, and Melahat Ki?i. 2018. “Body Covering and Body Image: A Comparison of Veiled and Unveiled Muslim Women, Christian Women, and Atheist Women Regarding Body Checking, Body Dissatisfaction, and Eating Disorder Symptoms.” Journal of Religion & Health 57 (5): 1808–28. doi:10.1007/s10943-018-0585-3. The study examined whether body image, body checking, and disordered eating differ between veiled and unveiled Muslim women, Christian women, and atheist women. The results were discussed.

The current PAOC bylaws state that a credential holder can be disciplined if they consume “mood-altering substances.” The 2014 PAOC General Conference in Saskatoon included a discussion regarding a motion to specify “alcohol” as a mood-altering substance in the bylaws. The motion was defeated. You have your views on what the Bible requires, but you wonder how Pentecostals in Canada have typically thought about drinking alcohol. Were they always against it? Why or why not? Were there cultural factors that influenced decisions or were there only biblical arguments? What has the official PAOC stance been on this issue? What is the official PAOC stance on this today? You have many questions that keep coming to your mind. What other historical questions might help you address this issue? Note: This is not a paper for a theology course. Therefore, you should not engage in debates about how to interpret key scriptures regarding alcohol. Rather, your only aim should be to interpret and analyze this issue with historical awareness. *Rubric guideline to help with the paper: *Please follow these guidelines* Topic: relates an issue in pentecostal history to issues in the contemporary church. Introduction and Conclusion: at an appropriate length (about 100-150 words each) Citations: appears to include citations in footnotes when paraphrasing, summarizing or quoting from other sources. Includes a bibliography. Research: Includes both primary and secondary sources (a total of 7 or more). Includes relevant scholarly sources, including at least one journal article (dictionary definitions do not count as sources). Most pages integrate research from various sources. In addition to historical primary sources (like archive material), you should consider secondary sources ( textbooks or journal articles) that comment on the history of the topic you are researching. introduction: clearly informs the reader regarding the specific topic of the paper. Includes a thesis statement. GUIDELINE TO FOOTNOTE: Citing archival resources: For the most part, archival sources require the same information as other sources. It all depends on what you have. NOTE: USE ONLY theological sources. FOR THE PAPER IS FOR A BIBLE COLLEGE. IN THE 7 SOURCE PLEASE HAVE 3 SOURCES SET AS YOUR PRIMARY SOURCES. If there are an author and title (periodical article, extract from a book): Author, Title of article, Title of Publication, date (issue), page(s). If it is a letter: who from, who to, the date and PAOC Archives, Mississauga, ON. If it is untitled, like a personal note or account, make up a descriptive title, for example, Gordon Atter, (if the author is known, or, “Author Unknown”) “Handwritten account of early days in Canada” plus the date if you have it and PAOC Archives, Mississauga, ON. If there is no date, put “n.d.” at the end. Use the same format for a diary entry and so forth. Structure: most related points are grouped together; the outline supports the thesis statement. Includes appropriate transitions to bring cohesion to the structure. Substance: describes numerous historical issues relevant to the topic of the paper with accuracy, clarity, and sufficient detail (uses historical evidence to support most points and incorporates some factual information). Does not discuss issues that do not relate to the paper’s thesis. Application: explains the significance of the historical observations for understanding some issues in the contemporary church. Conclusion: summarizes the key points from the paper and reaffirms the thesis statement; does not introduce new information.

In this assignment, you will assess your understanding of the Christian worldview, including the main topics you have covered up to this point. You will summarize and analyze the essential elements of the Christian worldview and reflect on implications for your own worldview. Write a 1,250-1,500-word essay using at least two-course resources (textbook, topic overviews, the Bible) and at least two other sources from the GCU Library to support your points. Remember, the Bible counts as one reference regardless of how many times you use it or how many verses you cite. Begin your paper with an appropriate introduction, including a thesis statement to introduce the purpose of the paper. Organize your paper with the following sections, using the seven underlined titles for subheadings. Write at least one paragraph for each component using the underlined titles for a subheading. God: What is God like? What are God’s characteristics? What is his creation? Humanity: What is human nature? What is the human purpose? What is the root cause of human problems? Jesus: What is Jesus’ true identity? What did Jesus do? Why are Jesus’ identity and work significant for the Christian worldview? Restoration: What is the solution to human problems according to the Christian worldview? What role do grace and faith play in Christian salvation? How do Christians think that the transformation of self and society happen? Analysis: Analyze the Christian worldview by addressing each of the following questions: What are the benefits or strengths of Christian belief? What is troublesome or confusing about Christianity? How does Christianity influence a person’s thinking and behaviour? Reflection: Reflect on your worldview by answering one of the following questions: If you are not a Christian, what similarities and differences are there between your worldview and the Christian worldview? If you are a Christian, how specifically do you live out the beliefs of the Christian worldview? Conclusion: Synthesize the main points, pulling the ideas of the paper together. References Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the GCU Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. Review the GCU Template for formatting and utilize the attached “Gospel Essentials Template” to complete the benchmark assignment. Benchmark – Gospel Essentials In at least 150 words, complete your introductory paragraph with a thesis statement in which you will address each of the following six sections with at least one paragraph each. God: In at least 150 words, respond thoroughly to the questions in the assignment. Be sure to include citations Humanity: In at least 150 words, respond thoroughly to the questions in the assignment. Be sure to include citations. Jesus: In at least 150 words, respond thoroughly to the questions in the assignment. Be sure to include citations. Restoration: In at least 150 words, respond thoroughly to the questions in the assignment. Be sure to include citations. Analysis: In at least 150 words, respond thoroughly to the questions in the assignment. Be sure to include citations. Reflection: In at least 150 words, respond thoroughly to the questions in the assignment. Be sure to include citations. Conclusion: In at least 150 words, synthesize the main points, pulling the ideas of the paper together. Be sure to include citations References: Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of the article. Journal Title, Volume(Issue), Page numbers. Retrieved from URL/permalink with hyperlink removed

Buddhism in the Real World

Christianity and Environment

Religion in the News

Growth in Understanding Theology

The Impact of Media on Transgender Awareness

Psychology of Human Sexuality

Crisis Ministry