Sociology

1- key authors in the debate on management versus leadership? refer to intrinsic and extrinsic motivations and/or refer to some motivations theories, such as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs or Vroom’s expectancy theory. 2- This module has explored some of the early thinking about what leadership is and how it is achieved. It has summarised trait theories and behavioural theories and concluded that a more contextualised explanation of leadership is required if we are to understand it properly – and, of course, if we are to become the best leaders we can. As the module has demonstrated, leadership is contingent on the situation. Fiedler (1967) developed a contingency theory, which, applied to leadership, proposes that the style of leadership appropriate in different contexts varies. Therefore, the choice of a leader should be contingent on their match with followers and with the desired outcomes/goals of the organisation. Not every leader will be suitable for every leadership role. Following on from this, the module explored various approaches to the understanding and practice of leadership that are contingent on the situation, and require a flexible or considered approach with regards to who is being led, what the purpose of the group/task is, and which style (or which leader) is most appropriate. The principles of contingent and contextually meaningful leadership underpin most modern approaches to leadership, which, most recently, have evolved to refer to leadership as a developmental process involving: leading in terms of thought: having a vision in terms of the goals of the team or organisation; leading in terms of the task: what leadership is appropriate for different tasks; and leading in terms of people: in particular, developing people so that they are enabled to give their best. 3- This module has outlined the key theories of transactional leadership; and transformational leadership. These theories are developments of the theories of traits, behaviours, contingent and situational leadership, and propose that leadership is about influencing people by transaction and by offering opportunities to engage on a personally meaningful level. The practice of leadership as involving some degree of each of these is known as the full range of leadership. From there, three of the most commonly cited approaches to leadership hat rely heavily on the principles of transformational leadership, in particular, were also explored, including charismatic, servant and authentic leadership. Most recent developments in understanding leadership are beginning to focus less on individual leaders and what they do to focus more on leadership as a practice and as a process. These are explored in the next module. 4- This module has offered some alternative ways of thinking about leadership that broaden our view from simply focusing on the actions and behaviours of individual leaders. Among the ideas suggested are that leadership: is a collective activity that involves multiple people working collaboratively across organisational and professional boundaries. does not necessarily reside at the top of an organisation, nor is it always restricted to formal roles within an organisational hierarchy. can be understood as a social and relational process. can be understood as a set of practices and as the ongoing practice that brings about change and produces direction. On a practical level, focusing on collective and relational approaches to leadership changes the emphasis for those who are involved in the process of leadership in organisations. Instead of feeling pressure at an individual level to ‘live up to’ an ever-expanding list of behavioural competencies required of ‘good leaders’, the onus shifts to leadership as a collective phenomenon that entails building collaborative groups of people who can have effective conversations. The need to be personally ‘charismatic’ or ‘authentic’ is replaced with the social dynamic of forming and maintaining relationships and developing a better dialogue to ease the process of doing leadership. In the next module, the need for different approaches in response to specific circumstances and challenges is explored. 5- gender, ethics and culture in leadership

Write a cause and effect essay on poverty and a minimum of 350 words.  MLA format,, double space, 3 body paragraph…1 intro and 1 conclusion. essay on poverty cause and effect. 3 body paragraph 3 different cause and effects

Write a 450-600 composition that contains an opinion on Cancel Culture.

One of the main themes of this course has been how change is often gradual. When it comes to conserving the environment to ensure the future of humankind and other animal species, however, we don’t have much time to waste. In your opinion, what are the three most important environmentally unfriendly behaviors that need to change, and given your knowledge of techniques of behavioral change used in successful interventions learned in this course (refer to slideshow #1), what measures would you recommend the government take to encourage these changes?

There are three types of homelessness – chronic, transitional, and episodic. The reasons homelessness occurs amongst most families and individuals in inner cities range from lack of affordable housing, job loss, crime, substance abuse, mental illness, lack of education, and extreme poverty; all of which were heightened during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research shows this population is less likely to overcome the long term effects of Covid-19 due to pre-existing conditions, overexposure, and the inability to access social services at a pre-pandemic rate. Most believed that the anticipated $1200 stimulus checks that were distributed to all Americans as a direct result of the pandemic would help alleviate the homelessness issue, however, just as always it was a minor band-aid on an issue that requires surgical stitches.

The paper must be typed. Double spaced. Size 12. Times New Roman. Include a cover page. Save in Microsoft Word Format, no PDF or other formats. The sample paper is provided. Make sure to proofread your paper before submitting it. Points will be deducted for spelling and grammar errors! The final draft must contain ALL the following chapters/sections: 1. Introduction 2. Literature review 3. Application and reflection 4. Conclusion 5. Bibliography/References Select a topic. This could be a particular culture or ethnic group you would like to know more about (cannot be yours). What are the main aspects of the culture (language, family patterns, political/social system, religion, etc.)? Chapter 1: Introduction (.5 – 1 page) A brief introduction to the topic you will be analyzing in your paper: 1. Who are the people/culture(s) you want to focus on? 2. Where do they live? 3. How do they make a living? 4. Which language(s) do they speak? 5. What religion(s) do they practice? 6. What characterizes the family and kinship structure? Etc. Chapter 2: A literature review (1-2 pages) The literature review synthesizes the sources you found on the topic. What do the experts say about the topic? What are the common themes across the literature? Where do the authors agree or disagree? Using scholarly sources (books, journals, library databases), find at least 3 scholarly resources from experts on the subject. No newspapers or Wikipedia articles! Chapter 3: Application and reflection (.5 – 1 page) State your discoveries about the topic and how you could apply them from the literature review. 1. What assumptions about the topic did you have prior to researching the topic? 2. How has your opinion/knowledge changed about the topic now that your research is completed? 3. Under what circumstances might your new insights be useful and to whom? Chapter 4: Conclusion (.5 – 1 page) The conclusion may remind the reader of the significance of the cultural aspects you have explored. It should also recapture what you have discovered and address the implications of your analysis. Finally, the conclusion should, of course, be directly related to the research question you presented in the introduction. Reference list (see examples on the next page) Use at least 3 scholarly sources (no Wikipedia or newspaper articles) in your literature review and list them in APA style format. See next page a sample Typed. Double spaced. Size 12. Times New Roman. Include a cover page. Save in Microsoft Word Format, no PDF or other formats.

Instructions: You are writing a 10-12 page essay, typed, double-spaced including a bibliography (works cited page) and title page. You must cite your sources in the APA style. You are required to cite readings, lectures, and film clips/films from each week (Week #1 – 5). You should have a minimum of 10 sources. You may use outside sources –in addition to your required readings and required film clips/films. This assignment is an essay. Research two sociological and/or social scientific studies that have already been conducted. Compare and contrast these studies. What are the purposes of these studies? What were the hypotheses of these studies? How did the researchers define the problem? What variables were being examined? How did he/she/they conceptualize and operationalize his/her/their variables? What research method/methods were used to collect data? Did he/she/they use qualitative or quantitative methods? What were they? Were they effective? Were the research projects valid? reliable? What ethical questions were they grappling with, if any? What types of measures did they use? Did they utilize inductive and deductive reasoning? How did they analyze their data? Did they use primary or secondary sources (or both)? Were these studies empirically-based? Did they include human subjects? What were the main findings? How important were these findings? What societal implications did these studies have? How would you do your study differently if you were to select a similar topic? Or how would you build on the studies already conducted?

Describe how Judith Butler differs from the phenomenological feminism explicated by Simone de Beauvoir. Include in your answer why Butler maintains it is dangerous for feminists to rely on or promote the idea of “women” as a universal category and compare and contrast it to Barbara Fields’ notion of race as an ideology.

The Importance of Working as Unity Introduction The Five Vital Organs in Human Body Functions The Primary Functions of the Human Body Parts The Unity Work in a Family Members The Unity Work in a Nation The Unity Work of Mountains, Rivers, and Trees on Earth The Unity Work of the Sun, Moon, and Stars on Earth Reflection on The Importance of Working as Unity • Introduction Paragraph • I need each body Paragraph to have • clear topic sentence, supporting details and concluding sentence. • Use connection transition words and expressions correctly. • Connecting Information • Use the punctuation correctly. • Each body paragraph has a clear topic sentence. • All examples of this topic fit into one of the categories listed. • Supporting details in the paragraphs are parallel. • Thesis statement • The conclusion does not introduce any new ideas. • Concluding statement: a suggestion, opinion, or prediction

1. Get two new articles for your literature review. a.Leonce, T., Schweyer, A., & Whillans, A. (2020). The Inevitable Rise in Dual-Income Households and the Intertemporal Effects on Labor Markets. Compensation & Benefits Review, 52(2), 64-76. b. Hamamura, T. (2012). Are Cultures Becoming Individualistic? A Cross-Temporal Comparison of Individualism–Collectivism in the United States and Japan. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16(1), 3-24. 2. Summarize the research questions and conclusions of the two articles. 3. Describe the data used to draw those conclusions. 4. Critically analyze the logic behind the argument that validates the conclusions. (This is the important part of the assignment.) N.B.: if the logic of one of the articles does not hold up to a close examination, then get rid of it and find another. To “critically analyze” does not mean either to summarize or to attack. It’s more like parsing the argument, identifying the underlying assumptions, and mapping out the steps from the propositions to the conclusions. 5. Critically analyze the choice and use of research methodologies.