Deontology and Care Ethics

Read Onora Oneill’s article, “A Kantian Approach to Famine Relief” and Carr’s “Ethics of Care Contribution” and then answer the following questions: 1. From the lecture, what is Kant’s view of making ethical considerations dependent on consequences? What should be the foundation of ethics instead? 2. From the lecture, you learned that Kant believes that that moral requirements must be unconditionally valid. What does this mean and why does he think this is necessary? What is the formula of the Humanity as an End in Itself formula of the Categorical Imperative? 3. From the lecture, explain Gilligan’s observations and how they led her to propose care as a new basis for assessing ethics. 4. From Oneill’s article, what does it mean to treat someone as a mere means? When it is permissible to treat someone as a means? Formulate an example toshow the difference between treating someone as a means and as a mere means. 5. From Oneill’s article, explain the difference between the requirements of justice and beneficence in Kantian ethics. 6. Discuss some of the requirements that the duty of justice place on us in times of famine according to Oneill. 7. With regard to Care Ethics, what is the realm of ethical consideration that Held thinks traditional ethics misses and what kinds of values does this cause them to leave out? 8. Contrast the idea of self of traditional ethics to the idea of self that Held is advocating. Which seems more accurate as a description of how we exist in the world?9. One of the key critiques that care ethicists make is that the division between reason and emotions that has been made in traditional philosophy is artificial andunhelpful. They advocate that we should cultivate desirable forms of emotion and that ethics is incomplete without doing so. Do you think she is right? Comment on this by referring to the example of human mothering, or use another pertinent example of your own choosing. 10.What is the criticism of care ethics addressed by Carr, and how does Carr explain Held’s response to this criticism?