Gang Violence

Write a 750–1,050-word essay responding to the following scenario: You work for a local judge who has made you aware of her desire to better understand gang violence. The judge presides over different types of criminal cases but has noticed that in the past few months, there seems to be a surge of cases in her courtroom involving gang violence. The judge found out that you recently graduated with a master’s degree in criminal justice. Therefore, she finds you to be well-qualified to provide some direction concerning the gang literature.  She has asked that you thoroughly review the research article entitled “Collective and Normative Features of Gang Violence” found on pages 160–181 in your text, Voices from the Field, and prepare an essay for her in which you address each of the following elements: Describe the primary purpose of the study. What were the overarching research questions that the study was designed to answer? Identify the key concepts (variables) measured and reported in the article. What were the conceptual and operational definitions of gang violence used in the study? Were these definitions effective? Explain. Briefly describe the different types of validity (face, content, criterion-related, and construct validity). Explain whether you think the study had a strong face, content, criterion-related, and/or construct validity, providing a rationale. Explain whether the study produced reliable measures of gang violence, providing a rationale for your position. Support your response by describing three techniques that could be used to assess reliability. Synthesize the study results. Given what you learned from the study reviewed, provide recommendations to the judge for addressing the recent surge of cases involving gang violence in her courtroom. This information should be presented to the judge in a formal essay that is doubled-spaced and uses Times Roman 12-inch font. Include both an introduction and a conclusion. Cite and reference all sources using APA format. You may consult the Library, the internet, the textbook, other course material, and any other outside resources in supporting your responses and rationale, using proper citations in APA style.  Include a title page and reference page. Cite your sources consistent with APA guidelines, both in the body of your paper and on your reference page. Save your Assignment in the following format: Last name First name Assignment. (Example: SmithJohn_Unit2_Assignment 2). Submit your Assignment by selecting Unit 2: Assignment 2 in the Dropbox by the end of Unit 2.