NURS 6051 Knowledge Check: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders

Week 3: Concepts of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders
NURS 6051 Knowledge Check: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders
The circulatory system and the respiratory system are powerful partners in health. While they work closely together in good health, a disease or disorder that manifests in one can have a significant impact on both, hampering the pair’s ability to collaborate.
Cardiovascular and respiratory disease and disorders are among the most common reasons for hospital visits, and among the leading causes of fatality. Heart disease and pneumonias are among the most familiar, but a wide variety of issues can impact physiological functioning of one or both systems.
This week, you examine fundamental concepts of cardiovascular and respiratory disorders. You explore common diseases and disorders that impact these systems, and you apply the key terms and concepts that help communicate the pathophysiological nature of these issues to patients.
Learning Objectives
Students will:
Analyze concepts and principles of pathophysiology across the lifespan
Learning Resources
Required Readings (click to expand/reduce)
McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier.
Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems; Summary Review
Chapter 33: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function (stop at Dysrhythmias); Summary Review
Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System; Summary Review
Chapter 36: Alterations of Pulmonary Function (stop at Disorders of the chest wall and pleura); (obstructive pulmonary diseases) (stop at Pulmonary artery hypertension); Summary Review
Inamdar, A. A. & Inamdar, A. C. (2016). Heart failure: Diagnosis, management, and utilization, 5(7). doi:10.3390/jcm5070062
Required Media (click to expand/reduce)
Module 2 Overview with Dr. Tara Harris
Dr. Tara Harris reviews the structure of Module 2 as well as the expectations for the module. Consider how you will manage your time as you review your media and Learning Resources throughout the module to prepare for your Knowledge Check and Assignment. (4m)
Cardiovascular Respiratory Disorders – Week 3 (16m)
Pneumonia
MedCram. (2015, September 14). Pneumonia explained clearly by MedCram.com [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nqyPECmkSeo
Note: The approximate length of the media program is 13 minutes.
Online Media from?Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children
In addition to this week’s media, it is highly recommended that you access and view the resources included with the course text, Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. Focus on the videos and animations in Chapters 32, 33, 35, and 36 that relate to cardiorespiratory systems and alteration in cardiorespiratory systems. Refer to the Learning Resources in Week 1 for registration instructions. If you have already registered, you may access the resources at
Knowledge Check: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders
In this exercise, you will complete a 10- to 20-essay type question Knowledge Check to gauge your understanding of this module’s content.
Possible topics covered in this Knowledge Check include:
myocardial infarction
endocarditis
myocarditis
valvular disorders
lipid panels
coagulation
clotting cascade
deep vein thrombosis
hypertension
heart failure
COPD
asthma
pneumonias
Photo Credit: Getty Images/Science Photo Library RF
Complete the Knowledge Check by Day 7 of Week 3
To complete this Knowledge Check:
Module 2 Knowledge Check
What’s Coming Up in Week 4?
Photo Credit: [BrianAJackson]/[iStock / Getty Images Plus]/Getty Images
Next week, you will examine the alterations in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and the resultant disease processes through case study analysis. You will also consider patient characteristics, including racial and ethnic variables, which may impact altered physiology.
Next Week
To go to the next week:
Week 4
Question 1
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Sympathetic stimulation causes airways to:
Selected Answer:
Correct
dilate
Answers:
Correct
dilate
constrict
collapse
trap air
Question 2
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Sympathetic nerves to the heart releases what the neurotransmitter?
Selected Answer:
Correct
norepinephrine
Answers:
serotonin
epinephrine
Correct
norepinephrine
acetylcholine
Question 3
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Norepinephrine action on a1-adrenergic receptors causes ________________________.
Selected Answer:
Correct
vasoconstriction
Answers:
Correct
vasoconstriction
vasodilation
bradycardia
hypotension
Question 4
1 out of 1 points
Correct
A patient that is hyperventilating will have a decreased:
Selected Answer:
Correct
PaCO2
Answers:
saturation
Pa02
Correct
PaCO2
minute volume
Question 5
1 out of 1 points
Correct
A person who has pulmonary edema will exhibit which symptoms?
Selected Answer:
Correct
dullness to percussion over the lung bases, inspiratory crackles, and pink frothy sputum
Answers:
resonance to percussion over the lung bases, inspiratory wheezing, foul smelling sputum
Correct
dullness to percussion over the lung bases, inspiratory crackles, and pink frothy sputum
resonance to percussion over the lung bases, inspiratory wheezing, and pink frothy sputum
dullness to percussion over the lung bases, inspiratory wheezing, foul smelling sputum
Question 6
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Stimulation of the carina often causes:
Selected Answer:
Correct
coughing
Answers:
inhalation
Correct
coughing
gagging
swallowing
Question 7
1 out of 1 points
Correct
As a person ages, what type of changes occur in the myocardium and arterial walls?
Selected Answer:
Correct
stiffening
Answers:
dilation
Correct
stiffening
atrophy
shrink
Question 8
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Parasympathetic stimulation causes airways to:
Selected Answer:
Correct
constrict
Answers:
dilate
Correct
constrict
collapse
trap air
Question 9
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Parasympathetic nerves to the heart releases what the neurotransmitter?
Selected Answer:
Correct
acetylcholine
Answers:
serotonin
epinephrine
norepinephrine
Correct
acetylcholine
Question 10
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Inflammatory mediators released during an acute asthma episode cause:
Selected Answer:
Correct
inflammation, hypersecretion of mucous, and bronchial smooth muscle constriction
Answers:
Correct
inflammation, hypersecretion of mucous, and bronchial smooth muscle constriction
inflammation, bleeding, and bronchial smooth muscle constriction
bronchial smooth muscle dilation, alveolar collapse, and retained PaCO2
bronchial smooth muscle dilation, inflammation, and thick mucous
Question 11
1 out of 1 points
Correct
The presence of pus in the pleural cavity is a(n):
Selected Answer:
Correct
Empyema
Answers:
Correct
Empyema
Atelectasis
Aspiration
Hemoptysis
Question 12
1 out of 1 points
Correct
A person with a respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute and a minute volume of 6.0 L/minute has a tidal volume of :
Selected Answer:
Correct
500 ml
Answers:
720 ml
600 ml
1000 ml
Correct
500 ml
Question 13
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Ischemic pain in the lower extremities that occurs while walking but disappears when resting is a description of which condition?
Selected Answer:
Correct
Intermittent claudication
Answers:
Pericarditis
Varicose veins
Correct
Intermittent claudication
Thromboangiitis obliterans
Question 14
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Clinical manifestations of bronchiolitis include:
Selected Answer:
Correct
tachypnea, non-productive cough, and low grade fever
Answers:
hypoxia, use of accessory muscles, and high grade fever
tachypnea, use of accessory muscles, and high grade fever
tachypnea, productive cough, and high grade fever
Correct
tachypnea, non-productive cough, and low grade fever
Question 15
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Binding of ATP to myosin that enables myocardial contraction requires which electrolyte?
Selected Answer:
Correct
calcium
Answers:
Correct
calcium
magnesium
sodium
potassium
Question 16
1 out of 1 points
Correct
How much oxygen does the myocardium extract from the coronary arteries?
Selected Answer:
Correct
70%
Answers:
40%
50%
60%
Correct
70%
Question 17
1 out of 1 points
Correct
The right side of the heart is a high-pressure system
Selected Answer:
Correct
False
Answers:
True
Correct
False
Question 18
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Collapse of alveoli is a(n):
Selected Answer:
Correct
Atelectasis
Answers:
Empyema
Aspiration
Correct
Atelectasis
Hemoptysis
Question 19
1 out of 1 points
Correct
The tunica media is the middle layer of blood vessels and is composed of what type of tissue?
Selected Answer:
Correct
smooth muscle and elastic fibers
Answers:
endothelium and elastic fibers
endothelium and connective tissue
Correct
smooth muscle and elastic fibers
smooth muscle and connective tissue
Question 20
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Prinzmetal angina is caused by:
Selected Answer:
Correct
vasospasm of the coronary artery
Answers:
obstruction of a coronary artery
Correct
vasospasm of the coronary artery
thrombus within the coronary artery
dissection of the coronary artery