History

Prompt: Mao Zedong was one of the most controversial figures in Chinese history and the twentieth century. While some people argue that Mao was one of the most relentless dictators and tyrants in human history, others believe that Mao was a true communist and revolutionary. How do you understandMao’s role in the history of the PRC?

Please use the file (Federalist 10 excerpt) I have provided to answer the following: “What is the argument that Publius makes in this excerpt? What are the key assumptions or premises in the argument? Are these assumptions or premises supported by evidence or argument? What are the key inferences and deductions that Publius makes from these premises? What is the evidence that Publius uses to support his argument? Are the inferences or deductions valid? Is the evidence good? What are the weaknesses in Publius’ argument?” Your response should contain only an analysis of the following excerpt (file I have attached). In your response, provide no background information on Federalist 10, the ratification of the Constitution, or the American Founding. Focus only on the argument in the excerpt below and analyze the argument as it is presented in that excerpt. Do not use any other sources other than the file I provided. Please keep in mind (show/support) the following requirements while writing this essay: 1. Analysis: identification of arguments, assumptions and relevant facts; thorough assessment of the validity of inferences and deductions; thorough comparison or contrast of arguments in two or more sources.November 22, 1787 at New YorkBy a faction, I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or a minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community.There are two methods of curing the mischiefs of faction: the one, by removing its causes; the other, by controlling its effects.There are again two methods of removing the causes of faction: the one, by destroying the liberty which is essential to its existence; the other, by giving to every citizen the same opinions, the same passions, and the same interests.It could never be more truly said than of the first remedy, that it was worse than the disease. Liberty is to faction what air is to fire, an aliment without which it instantly expires. But it could not be less folly to abolish liberty, which is essential to political life, because it nourishes faction, than it would be to wish the annihilation of air, which is essential to animal life, because it imparts to fire its destructive agency.The second expedient is as impracticable as the first would be unwise. As long as the reason of man continues fallible, and he is at liberty to exercise it, different opinions will be formed. As long as the connection subsists between his reason and his selflove, his opinions and his passions will have a reciprocal influence on each other; and the former will be objects to which the latter will attach themselves. The diversity in the faculties of men, from which the rights of property originate, is not less an insuperable obstacle to a uniformity of interests. The protection of these faculties is the first object of government. From the protection of different and unequal faculties of acquiring property, the possession of different degrees and kinds of property immediately results; and from the influence of these on the sentiments and views of the respective proprietors, ensues a division of the society into different interests and parties.The latent causes of faction are thus sown in the nature of man; and we see them everywhere brought into different degrees of activity, according to the different circumstances of civil society. A zeal for different opinions concerning religion, concerning government, and many other points, as well of speculation as of practice; an attachment to different leaders ambitiously contending for pre-eminence and power; or to persons of other descriptions whose fortunes have been interesting to the human passions, have, in turn, divided mankind into parties, inflamed them with mutual animosity, and rendered them much more disposed to vex and oppress each QUALIFYING EXAM SUMMER 2020other than to cooperate for their common good. So strong is this propensity of mankind to fall into mutual animosities, that where no substantial occasion presents itself, the most frivolous and fanciful distinctions have been sufficient to kindle their unfriendly passions and excite their most violent conflicts. But the most common and durable source of factions has been the various and unequal distribution of property. Those who hold and those who are without property have ever formed distinct interests in society. Those who are creditors, and those who are debtors, fall under a like discrimination. A landed interest, a manufacturing interest, a mercantile interest, a moneyed interest, with many lesser interests, grow up of necessity in civilized nations, and divide them into different classes, actuatedby different sentiments and views. The regulation of these various and interfering interests forms the principal task of modernlegislation, and involves the spirit of party and faction in the necessary and ordinary operations of the government.

VIDEO: “Reconstruction: American After the Civil War,  (Links to an external site.) ” Hour Four WEBSITE: “The Nuremburg Race Laws,  (Links to an external site.) ” The Holocaust Encyclopedia, US Holocaust Museum African Americans faced a period after Reconstruction and through the Civil Rights Movement where many of their rights as citizens were not protected by law; their loss of rights bore a strong resemblance to the loss of rights that Jewish citizens experienced in Nazi Germany. You will compare the loss of rights experienced by African Americans and German Jews.  Your assignment is to write an essay comparing disfranchisement,  (Links to an external site.) segregation and violence of the Jim Crow era  (Links to an external site.)  in America with the anti-semitism and pogroms  (Links to an external site.)  that Jewish citizens of Germany faced prior to the Holocaust  (Links to an external site.) . You will also explore the main ideas in the documentary and in the web page and answer the following questions: In what ways was the loss of citizenship rights for these groups similar? How did they differ for each group? How was the law used to deprive both African Americans and German Jews of their citizenship rights? How did the Nazi government in Germany and Jim Crow-era Southern governments use the prejudices of their society to encourage them to support discrimination and violence? How did ordinary people participate in pogroms and lynchings? You will explore historical thinking as you watch the PBS documentary on the Jim Crow era after Reconstruction  (Links to an external site.)  and read the web site on the Nuremburg laws  (Links to an external site.) . Pay attention to the five aspects of historical thinking as they are shown in the documentary: (1) Multiple Accounts and Perspectives; (2) Analysis of Primary Sources; (3) Sourcing; (4) Context; and (5) Claim-Evidence Connection. Use the evidence presented in the documentary and on the website to support your claims in your essay. The assignment has five goals: you will (1) develop basic research citation skills; (2) identify primary sources; (3) analyze historical documentary for information; (4) synthesize information from primary and secondary sources to inform historical writing; and (5) communicate ideas in writing using clear prose that incorporates correct grammar and spelling. Your essay will be graded on how well you (1) answer the questions posed; (2) develop a clear thesis statement and support it with evidence; (3) use good English grammar and spelling to develop clear writing ; (4) use proper citation; and (5) use historical thinking in your essay. You must also cite your sources using Chicago Manual of Style Author/Date style  (Links to an external site.) Links to an external site..  You can only use the documentary, website and textbook as your sources. Topic: Jim Crow and Anti-Semitism in the 20th Century Details: Watch the Reconstruction  (Links to an external site.)  documentary and read the website on Nuremberg Race Laws  (Links to an external site.) . Write a detailed essay discussing and answering the above questions.  You must use standard essay format (minimum of introductory paragraph with a strong thesis statement, at least three supporting paragraphs, and a strong concluding paragraph). Plagiarism Tutorial: This must have been completed BEFORE you turn in the essay.  You must have sent the results to my email address. This counts 100 points towards your writing grade. By completing, you agree to the statement at the end. Due date: Friday, JULY 31, 2020 at 11:59 AM (not PM). You will upload the essay on Canvas by 11:59 AM on Friday, JULY 31. You will receive a 10 POINT PENALTY if you send it by email. Length: 750-1000 words (3-4 pages) double spaced, including cover page and bibliography page Format: Times New Roman, 12 point, one inch margins, double spaced, cover page with bibliography page Citations: Chicago Manual of Style with author-date in-text citation style  (Links to an external site.) Links to an external site. , including a properly formatted bibliography page. Sources: The documentary, web site and your textbook ONLY.

1) In one paragraph, explain the themes of culture, economy and politics in Native American societies before the arrival of Columbus, please include examples from California Indians in your answer. 2) In one paragraph, explain the development of New Spain from 1521 to 1821. What specifically, prompted the Spanish to build missions in California. Also, in your answer consider Spain’s downfall in the Americas. 3) In one paragraph, explain why a vast majority of Europeans immigrated to the Chesapeake region, and briefly explain why they came as indentured servants. 4) In one paragraph, why had slave labor largely displaced indentured servants by 1700 in the Chesapeake region? 5) In one paragraph, explain the differences between the Puritans and Quakers, and explain why the witch trials occurred in Salem, Massachusetts, instead of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania? 6) In one paragraph, explain how the invention of the Cotton Gin exacerbated the condition of slavery in the south? 7) In one paragraph, explain how did Jefferson’s view of the political economy differ from Hamilton? (Hint: In the first sentence it might be a good idea to define Political Economy.) 8) In one paragraph, explain how the Market Revolution, including improvements like the Erie Canal, reshaped the landscape and lives of Americans in the North? 9) In one paragraph, explain why the Americans sought help from the French during the American Revolution, and how did the Americans finally convince the French to join the cause for American Independence? 10) In one paragraph, during the U.S. Constitution’s ratification, explain how states determined who would be allowed to vote? 11) In one paragraph, explain some of the key events that led up to the Civil War. Include social and political trends and events that led to Civil War 12) In one paragraph, explain the importance of the Reconstruction Amendments, what are they and who are they set out to protect? Option II is three questions, which two questions will appear on the final exam and students will write on one. 40 points. Students will select one question below and will write four paragraphs on the one they select. A friendly reminder, a paragraph has a least five sentences.   1) Explain the role of Native Americans on both coasts. Be Specific with tribe names and people. You may begin your answer in 1493, but due to time, you may want to begin around 1620 on both American coasts. Your essay must include events and people from the early 1600s to the middle of the 1800s. What did the Spanish do that was different form other colonizers? Describe the different alliances between Native Americans with the French, British, and Colonists/ Americans. How were those alliances different, how were they similar, and how did those alliances impact Native American culture? 2) In what ways does the early history of our country reflect a richness of cultures, values and lifestyles? Give examples of how Americans have respected diversity and not respected diversity. How has diversity shaped our nation? 3) Describe the role of women in various time periods. What major changes do you see? What events or changes in society had the most impact on women? (Hint: to earn a least a B on this question, students should read “The Intimately Oppressed” in Howard Zinn’s A People’s History of the United States. To earn an A, students will combine Zinn’s work  with periods and events in American history.)

In 1749, Johanna Boston who lived in northeastern Pennsylvania ran away. Miraculously, she not only succeeded in finding her freedom, but the cast of characters involved in her story involved radical communitarian Moravians, a Mohican man and his Indigenous wife from somewhere in the southeast, Swedes, Germans, and people born in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, as well as a man born in Africa. In 1749 this portion of Pennsylvania was still the colonial frontier, and was as diverse as any portion of the thirteen colonies. This story is little told in history books, but it does get at a number of themes we have discussed including levels of freedom, early abolitionists, the action of enslaved people to find their own freedom, the threat of conflicts on the frontier, gender, environment, and the role of Indigenous people in US history. In this essay, I am going to ask you to evaluate this story. In the first paragraph, I want you to address some of the variables that Johanna was likely counting on. Why is it so important that the communities around her were Moravian? What was unique about this religion, these people’s diversity, that might have caused her to think she could be successful where so many people in other places failed? In paragraph two, I want you to address why you think the Indigenous couple went out of their way to help Johanna. We have talked about during the King Philip’s War lecture how Christian Indians were especially precarious. Klepp does not have a specific theory for this, so try to use some of what she says about these two people, and their history, to propose one yourself. Finally, in the last paragraph I want you to tie Johanna’s journey, and the Moravian support, to Klepp’s broader argument about slavery towards the end of the colonial period. Connect a couple of these themes (you will not be able to address all of them in a single paragraph): what do her actions tell us about gender, enslaved people, and their activity as anti-slavery/abolitionist activists? How does the frontier play a role in loosening colonial laws? What can Moravians tell us about the diversity of ideas of property during the colonial period? This essay should be no more than 1 PAGE, Times New Roman Font, double spaced. When citing specific pages simply put the page number in parenthesis. DO NOT go over 1 page.

Advertisers, aided by Madison Avenue, tried to make Americans chronically discontented with their paltry possessions. Americans were conditioned to want more and more. The first advertising and public relations firms appeared before World War I, but they truly became successful in the decade of the twenties. Discuss the consumer culture that emerged in the twenties, tracing its impact from the advertising empire of Madison Avenue to Hollywood, Harlem, and major sporting events. How did technological innovations affect mass consumption and the standardization of American culture? Are there any similarities of this consumer culture today? Explain. For this discussion, please provide a detailed post (250 word minimum). As you provide your answer make sure you support them with facts or information from the readings.

( ): Go to the web site and click on Archives, then click on Interview Transcripts. There are a number of interesting interviews here, but please make your selection from two of the following: Gore Vidal, Jan Lewis, Joe Ellis, Julian Bond, and John Hope Franklin. If you choose the Vidal interview, you can stop with the question “What is he?” If you read the Ellis interview, you can stop with the “1776/Adams” section since both of those are lengthy. Take very brief notes while you’re reading and keep the following questions in mind: What were some of Jefferson’s best characteristics? His worst? His most unusual? Be sure to discuss topics from throughout each interview—not just the beginning of each. Indicate which two interviews you read. Also watch this brief YouTube video which gives an up-to-date account of the history on Jefferson’s plantation, Monticello, and the not-so-savory side of Jefferson and slavery: The Duality of Thomas Jefferson ( ) Your discussion/analysis must, as always, show that you read/watched all of the required material above.

Explain the advantages that allowed the Ottoman empire to grow and flourish under the first 10 sultans. By contrast, what things caused the empire to begin its decline by 1683?

Write a 5 paragraph essay on WHY THE UNITED STATES SHOULD HAVE HELPED GERMANY AFTER WORLD WAR 2 and use 3 supporting arguments in separate paragraphs. 5 Paragraphs First Paragraph: Include Thesis Statement: WHY THE UNITED STATES SHOULD HAVE HELPED GERMANY AFTER WORLD WAR 2 and Summary of supporting evidence 2nd Paragraph: 1 Reason Why and supporting details 3rd Paragraph: 2nd Reason Why and supporting details 4th Paragraph: 3rd Reason Why and supporting details 5th Paragraph: Conclusion Summary of Reasons Possible Future outcomes

Required Readings: Frankforter & Spellman: chapter 10, 297-304 WEBSITE: British Library, “Magna Carta (Links to an external site.)” VIDEO: PBS, “The Greeks: Chasing Greatness” [23:24-28:00 minutes] PODCAST: Civics101, “Founding Documents: Magna Carta (Links to an external site) PODCAST: Civics101, “Autocracies and Oligarchies and Democracy, Oh My!” Your assignment is to write an essay to discuss the development of democracy in Athens and show how democracy gave way to monarchy and autocracy in the Roman empire and later in Europe during the Middle Ages. In the essay, you should discuss what a democracy was in Athens, why Athenians worked towards the common good, and instituted measures to address corruption. Also, how did that democracy fail and give way to a monarchy? Be sure to define each term. What rights did citizens have under Augustus? Finally, how did monarchy look like for the people of Europe during the Middle Ages? How did Europeans push back to try to gain more rights using documents such as the Magna Carta? The Magna Carta, also known as the Great Charter, was signed by King John at Runnymeade in a concession to his barons. What was the purpose of the Magna Carta? Who did the Magna Carta apply to? What legal changes were the barons trying to make or and what were they trying to emphasize to King John? How many times was it reissued? What has the Magna Carta become a symbol of? What other important documents in history are modeled on the Magna Carta? Use the videos above and your textbook to support your claim. Your essay will be graded on how well you (1) answer the questions posed; (2) develop a clear thesis statement and support it with evidence; (3) use proper citation; (4) use good English grammar and spelling to develop clear writing; and (5) explore the main ideas about democracy, monarchy, and the Magna Carta. You must cite your sources using Chicago Manual of Style Author/Date style. Topic: Democracy, Monarchy and the Magna Carta Due Date: Friday, JULY 31, 2020. Essays must be uploaded to Canvas by 12:00 Noon on Friday. NO EMAILS!!! It must be typed in Microsoft Word. Length: 750-1000 words (3-4 pages double spaced), including cover page and bibliography page. Format: Times New Roman, 12 point, double spaced Citations: Chicago Manual of Style Author-Date format Sources: The documentary, podcasts and webpage and your textbook ONLY!!! Plagiarism will result in you being reported to the Dean of Students for academic dishonesty. Late assignments will not be graded. Details: Listen to the podcasts, watch the short video on the Greeks (only the section given), and look at the website on the Magna Carta. Write a detailed essay answering the above questions. You must use standard essay format (minimum of introductory paragraph with a strong thesis statement, at least 3 supporting paragraphs and a strong concluding paragraph).