Political science

Answer the following questions with the links provided1.  In the article, “Public Health Experts Say the Pandemic Is Exactly Why Protests Must Continue,” which appeared in Slate on June 2, 2020, (link in folder), what connection do the public health experts who signed the open letter make between the pandemic and the need for mass protests against systemic racism?https://slate.com/technology/2020/06/protests-coronavirus-pandemic-public-health-racism.html2.  In the Carr Center Discussion Series report, ““Reimagining Social Movements and Civil Resistance in the Global Pandemic” from April 17, 2020, (link in folder) what are some of the negative effects on social movements around the world that the three scholars believe will occur because of the pandemic, and give one example of a specific movement mentioned that might be affected negatively.  You may also find an example in the May 13, 2020, Nation article, “What’s Next for Asia’s Social Movements?” that is also linked to in the folder.https://carrcenter.hks.harvard.edu/files/cchr/files/200416_covid_discussion_paper.pdfhttps://www.thenation.com/article/activism/protests-pandemic-asia/3.  Read “Q-Anon is a Nazi Cult, Rebranded” and “Now the World Gets to See the Difference.” Global crises often launch social movements — some of them which seek social justice, and others which seek authoritarian control or that thrive on misinformation. How can social movement forces which rely on facts and evidence combat those that are born of conspiracy theories and misinformation? Why do you think misinformation, propaganda and lies succeeded in the crises of the 1930s which brought the world Mussolini and Hitler, and how can social movements for social justice triumph today?https://www.npr.org/2021/01/09/955221274/now-the-world-gets-to-see-the-difference-blm-protesters-on-the-capitol-attack

The final paper assignment makes up 100% of the final grade.Please read carefully the instructions below and write two of the following four essaysoutlined below in Hebrew or in English (50 points each).This assignment requires the submission of two originally and individually authored essays of 1,200-1,500 words (each). Each essay should include a well-structured opening with a thesis statement referring to the question. You should explain, substantiate, and support the thesis statement throughout by elaborating the main and relevant concepts, positions, historical processes, events, and examples, including those discussed in class and in the course readings.In these essays, you are not required to cite references, but the essays must be the personal and original work of the submitting student. Notwithstanding, students are allowed to work in groups on the assignment before beginning to write them, but each student must write the assignment herself (or himself). Submitted assignments with very similar phrasing will be disqualified and could lead to disciplinary action. Furthermore, a completed assignment shared with other students and used for the purpose of copying – will be disqualified. In addition, false reporting or presenting fabricated information regarding an assignment and/or for the purpose of obtaining a postponement or exemption is a violation of the disciplinary code. Violations will lead to disciplinary action.Please submit both essays in one WORD file (*.docx) via the Moodle system no later than09:00am on March 14. Do not upload any other type of file.There is only one submission date. There will be no extensions other than those approvedby the Students’ Secretariat. With regards to late submissions –Assignment submitted up to one week after the original submission date will limit the maximum grade to 80 and the assignment will be graded on a scale of 0-80.Assignments submitted later than a week after the original due date will be considered as not submitted.If you have any questions, you may contact Tommy (tsteiner@idc.ac.il). Please allow sufficient time to revert to you. Substantive questions regarding the assignment will not be addressed in the final 24 hours before submission – other than urgent technical matters.Do Well !!!Essay #1“Had the United States and the EU devised and implemented a more effective strategy to promote peace, development and regional cooperation in the Middle East after the end of the Cold War, they could have prevented the turmoil and violence engulfing the Middle East since the onset of the so-called “Arab Spring.” Discuss and opinionate. In your essay, explain the main features (objectives, mechanisms, and outcomes) of Western engagement in the Middle East in the post-Cold War era (1990-2010). Why did the EU and the US invest so many resources in the Middle East? Why did these efforts fail? With the benefit of hindsight – what could have the EU and US done to prevent the regional turmoil?Essay #2The three main theoretical schools/paradigms of IR thought – Realism, Liberalism and Constructivism – offer different readings of the Atlantic Alliance (or community) and of the challenges it faces. These readings reflect dissimilar explanations concerning the basic rationale and driving force of NATO and different expectations concerning its future. For instance, while Realists view NATO as an alliance, Liberals would focus their attention on NATO as an institution (some of them would also highlight the role of domestic politics). Constructivists, on their part, would pay attention to ideas and norms and view NATO as a community.This theoretical debate has “real world” implications: What do these different theoretical perspectives tell us about the future of the Alliance and the continuing relevance of NATO in face of a resurgent Russia? Did Russia’s intervention in Ukraine and ongoing actions against Ukraine re-unite the Alliance or have they exposed different views and interests? Discuss and opinionate and refer also to NATO’s “Enhanced Forward Presence” mission. In your answer, explain the differences in the theoretical categorizations of NATO offered by the three schools of thought.Essay #3“Contrary to former President Trump’s repeated statements, Europe’s “burden sharing” has actually improved. Many European allies have increased their defense spending towards the 2% benchmark. The track record of NATO’s European allies’ role in, and contribution to, the War in Afghanistan shows that European allies have played an increasing role. Actually, the ratio of European troops in Afghanistan has increased since the end of combat operations in Afghanistan and the transition to “Resolute Support Mission.” In NATO’s current deployment to Eastern Europe and the Baltics – “Enhanced Forward Presence”, European allies play a major role too.” Opinionate and discuss. In your essay, assess Europe’s current “burden sharing” compared to previous periods – such as the Cold War and post-Cold War periods and operations (Balkans – 1990s; Afghanistan 2004-2010). Has Europe’s “burden sharing” improved? Is Europe doing enough for its own defense?Essay #4The United States and Europe have been simply “out of sync” well before former President Trump entered office and the change of guards in the White House will not make all the challenges disappear. Since the beginning of the 21st Century, the United States and Europe find it increasingly difficult to respond to regional and global challenges in a coordinated and timely manner – be it Russia’s aggression in Ukraine and its alleged interference in Western electoral politics, the rise of China, or the turmoil in the Middle East. What are the reasons that have brought the Transatlantic allies to this point? What are the likely drivers of Transatlantic relations? Can Europe and the United States become once again “in sync”? What would it take? In your essay, use current examples to substantiate your assessment.

Q1. Discuss why we allow so many government institu­tions in our society to be governed in a hierarchical, and even, authoritarian fashion.Q2. Distinguish between politics and administration. Based on your understanding of Chapter 3 (Denhardt) and the Moe article (unit 3), discuss how politics is integral to our understanding of public organizations. Use examples to make your case.

Make sure it’s a discussion please.Here’s what you want to do in this discussion board forum:Original Post: In your original post, kindly answer the following question: what is Dr. King’s justification for breaking the law?  Specifically, what is his fundamental argument, who are the thinkers that have influenced his view, why is now the time to break the law, and what does he say to those who oppose his view.  Significantly, you’ll want to focus on the main theme of his letter: what is his MORAL argument for breaking the law?Peer Responses: Read over all of your peers’ original threads.  Reply to any two of your peers’ threads.  Focus your replies on your peers’ major themes and the specific ways in which your peers’ threads compared and contrasted with your own original thread.

General Information: the main goal of the final assignment is to evaluate the level of understanding of the course materials, as well as to test the student’s capabilities of integration and application of the materials to real life situations. The assignment must be done individually; assignments with similar rationale or structure will not be graded.Time- Frame: The assignment should be submitted to the course website by March 10th. We will not accept any assignment that will be handed in past this deadline. Please write your I.D number on the assignment itself (do not write your name).Length of the Assignment: The general length of each answer should not exceed the limit of 1000 words, double spacing, and font 12 (Times New Roman). In addition, it is recommended to add a cover page and a list of references. Any deviation from this format will lead to the disqualification of the assignment.Format of Writing:§ The writing will follow the acceptable academic format – i.e., definitions of concepts, references to general theories, and references to previous empirical findings. You are not required to refer to bibliographical items that are not included in the course’s reading list.§ The focus of this assignment is on the implementation of the general theories. You are required to provide a detailed theoretical and conceptual discussion and not to use only direct or indirect quotes from the course materials.Please select two of the following five topics. Each answer will form 50% of your overall grade.1. There are different ways in which people can make an effort to achieve social change. We have paid particular attention to tactical repertoires. Read the articles below and review the types of political activities expressed in these articles.a) In your answer, discuss the main forms of political action, concepts [e.g., repertoire of action, political violence, terrorism], typology, and findings that have emerged throughout our discussion on the prism through which repertoire of action is expressed.https://www.timesofisrael.com/25-settler-attacks-on-palestinians-reported-since-teen-died-in-police-chase/)https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/hundreds-of-haredi-protesters-blocking-main-roads-in-jerusalem-652905http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7660628.stm Sprinzak argues that we should distinguish between “violence of power” and “violence of powerlessness” and between “Intentional violence” and “unintentional violence”. Discuss these arguments and use two examples from the case studies we have studied during the course.c) Provide a recent case study from Israel that can demonstrate these arguments.2. Discuss existing tensions between religion and political violence. Does religion constitute the only factor for political violence?a. Discuss the relationship between religion and different forms of political violence. In your answer, relate to the cases we have discussed in class and to the conceptualization obstacles.b. In your answer, discuss the role of religion in Israeli political life and the tension between Jewish predominance and democracy in line with our class discussions.3. During the course, we have devoted much discussion to the process of radicalization and the motivations for political violence.a) Briefly describe and explain the factors involved in political violence. Choose two factors/theories and illustrate how they are expressed in two case studies which were examined during the course.b) Please read the following article and explain the motivations for political violence https://www.israelhayom.com/2019/07/03/at-least-80-wounded-60-arrested-as-ethiopian-israeli-protests-turn-violent/4. During the course, we have devoted much discussion to the phenomenon of political violence. We have addressed conceptual and methodological issues about defining and assessing political violence and avoiding the obstacles that have hindered previous research.a) Explain the difficulties involved in the use of the word “violence” and definitional problems posed by the concept of political violence. Why does conceptualizing so important for the understanding of the phenomenon?b) Does support for political violence necessarily predicts violent behavior? Explain various methodological problems involved in the study of [Jewish] terrorism and political violencec) What are the different types and expressions of political violence? Show examples.d) Do forms of political violence change across historical periods?5. Does the exposure of citizens to missiles, incendiary balloons or kites, or other types of political violence and terrorism, affect their political behavior?a) How does exposure to political violence affect civilians’ political attitudes and behavior, specifically radical political behavior? Give examples.b) Are citizens exposed to political violence to the same degree? In your answer, refer to difficulties in conceptualizing and in measuring the exposure to political violence.c) What are the psychological consequences of exposure to political violence? Give examples.

Answer the following questions with the links provided1.  In the article, “Public Health Experts Say the Pandemic Is Exactly Why Protests Must Continue,” which appeared in Slate on June 2, 2020, (link in folder), what connection do the public health experts who signed the open letter make between the pandemic and the need for mass protests against systemic racism?https://slate.com/technology/2020/06/protests-coronavirus-pandemic-public-health-racism.html2.  In the Carr Center Discussion Series report, ““Reimagining Social Movements and Civil Resistance in the Global Pandemic” from April 17, 2020, (link in folder) what are some of the negative effects on social movements around the world that the three scholars believe will occur because of the pandemic, and give one example of a specific movement mentioned that might be affected negatively.  You may also find an example in the May 13, 2020, Nation article, “What’s Next for Asia’s Social Movements?” that is also linked to in the folder.https://carrcenter.hks.harvard.edu/files/cchr/files/200416_covid_discussion_paper.pdfhttps://www.thenation.com/article/activism/protests-pandemic-asia/3.  Read “Q-Anon is a Nazi Cult, Rebranded” and “Now the World Gets to See the Difference.” Global crises often launch social movements — some of them which seek social justice, and others which seek authoritarian control or that thrive on misinformation. How can social movement forces which rely on facts and evidence combat those that are born of conspiracy theories and misinformation? Why do you think misinformation, propaganda and lies succeeded in the crises of the 1930s which brought the world Mussolini and Hitler, and how can social movements for social justice triumph today?https://www.npr.org/2021/01/09/955221274/now-the-world-gets-to-see-the-difference-blm-protesters-on-the-capitol-attack

Please post your thoughts on the following questions to the discussion board. There is no word limit, but your discussion post should reflect your understanding of the course materials and critical thinking.1. Which of the Page’s Principles do you agree with most?Page’s Priniciple: a look at the recent campaigns and find an example that adheres to or violates the Page principles. Elaborate on your reasons.(7 pts.)Where to find good PR cases? Check these places to keep you updated on PR trends:https://www.prweek.com/us/newshttps://www.prdaily.com/2. Search for public relations jobs or internships online (e.g., LinkedIn). Do you find a position that’s interesting to you?  Can you transfer the skills you learned in other communication fields to fulfill the job requirements? If not, what additional PR skills do you need to pick up? (5 pts)Follow the instruction, and write 1-2 thoughtful paragraphs

Why it is critical to view Canada as a settler-colonial state?You must use a minimum of 4 readings, two of the class reading should be used.Class readingsWolfe, Patrick. “Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native.”Journal of Genocide Research 8, no.4 (2006): 387-409Chapter 4 Wood, Ellen M. Empire of Capital. London: Verso Press, 2003.Does the Colonial Exist? Memmi, Albert. The Colonizer and the Colonized.London: Souvenir Press, 1974

Evaluate the extent to which  the US is no longer a federal systemEvaluate the extent to which Congress is no longer an effective bodyEvaluate the extent to which the Supreme Court is PoliticalEvaluate the extent to the Office of US President is now ImperilledEvaluate the extent to which the US  Supreme Court upholds civil rightsEvaluate the extent to which Congress is a representative bodyUse the essay structure attached

ANSWER ONE OF THE FOLLOWING PROMPTS.In your answer, demonstrate that you have paid attention to and reflected upon the material in the readings. (attached below as PDF)note: you don’t need to use all of the attached sources, only what is necessary. please only use the primary sources attached. no secondary/outside sources allowed.TOPIC ONE.Constitutional War Powers and the Question of Time. Throughout American history, the political system as grappled with the possibility that urgent, quick action might be necessary to safeguard U.S. territory and lives. Such arguments usually conclude that presidents must be equipped, legally and technologically, to act “with dispatch” because Congress, as a collective body, is less able to do so. And yet, Congress has been able to act quickly in emergencies. And it is easy for a set of events to be characterized as an emergency when in fact there is no imminent threat to Americans or to our essential national security interests.A. How should the system work to ensure timely legitimate responses to threats? Using evidence from the readings from the founding period, make an argument about how the Constitutional system as initially designed and intended was supposed to handle the questions above. Critique the founding setup, and make an argument about whether the initial system is ideal, or if not, how the system should, in your opinion, address the question of timeliness.B. How has the system worked to ensure timely legitimate responses to threats? Go over the cases that we studied in class. Find at least one case that exemplifies the way you think the system should work, and at least one case that exemplifies the way you think the system should not work. Why did the constitutional processes work well or poorly in these cases? What does that tell us about how the constitutional system deals with real world foreign policy challenges?C. How can we make it work better?  What are the barriers to the constitutional system operating the way you think it should? What political, social, rhetorical, or policy solutions might help produce more processes that look like the one you prefer, while discouraging processes that look like the ones you do not prefer.TOPIC TWO.Checks and balances in war powers will never be resolved solely by the courts. They will be adjudicated in part based on the political interactions between the president, the Congress, and the public. How can a partisan political system, and a largely ignorant American public, make this system work in a responsible way?A. Using specific examples from the readings, describe what you see are any strengths, and what you see as any deficiencies, in the way partisanship affects constitutional reasoning and American political development in the authority to use military force at home and abroad.B. Assuming that political parties are inevitable in elective democracies, do you think that the design of our constitutional system adequately balances, constrains, and legitimizes the use of force? Are there any constitutional changes that might better take political partisanship into account when legitimizing the use of force? C. Assuming no actual changes to the constitutional system are made, make a normative argument about how we, as Americans, and as partisans, should act so that we can responsibly authorize the use of force under the Constitution now and in future generations.